Politics and Religion Essay

To answer the hypothetical question whether or not, if I was a political leader in the early seventeenth century, I would use religion to my own ends would be very difficult and daunting. At the very outset, it should be noted that the 17th century was a very exciting period. It was characterized by major movements, shakers, upheavals and pivotal points. To be brief and concise, allow me to offer a timeless, albeit simplistic answer to this above mentioned hypothetical question. My answer would be NO, and I offer three reasons to back my answer. 1. Politics and Religion must never mix. Most democratic countries declare in their state principles and policy that there should be a separation of Church and State. So much so, matters of spiritual import can not and must not exist alongside matters of political and ‘worldly’ dominions. To mix both would be to invite chaos and perhaps, bigotry, social injustice and create inequities due to over zealous religiosity. 2. Lessons in History tell us that religious standards imposed by those who wield political influence crumbled in time. Such lessons definitely point out that indeed, sound judgment dictate that a political leader should not use religion to advance his own ends. We see abdications, uprising and other violent overthrows and civil uprising involving religious disquiet and bigotry towards political leaders, not only in the 17th century, but all throughout history, when religion is used by political hands. Religion, being the opium of the masses may prove beneficial at times, but in the long run, like the effect of drugs or opium, people come to their senses, and again, as earlier pointed out, there must be a separation of matters of faith and matters of state. 3. Using religion to advance one’s ends, no matter how noble is morally wrong. One should use sheer power of conviction, political will and strength of character and unbridled and sterling leadership qualities if one is to be an effective political leader. The use of spirituality or religion in advancing one’s political ends is a moral wrong. This by example, as the Spaniards once were, is called mammon after Christ/Cross. Up until now, the Roman Catholic Church is plagued and beset by the wrongs committed by the Church officials during the dark ages. This only shows that again, Religion and Politics are two ‘incompatible’ concepts, and should be avoided. While an enlightened governance or political leadership is a paradox, it should not be an impossibility. After all, conscientious leadership is a desired trait for a political leader, however, out and out, politics and religion should not be put out in one outfit, especially so in such turbulent a time as the 17th century. For the above stated reasons, I reiterate my answer; No. If I was a political leader in the 17th century, I will not use religion for my own end.

Trash Or Treasure

You've got clutter and you know it, piles and piles of unused items. Full of junk in attics and closets, overflowing of papers everywhere, unused items, clothes that are never worn, useless gifts that's just collecting dust. But the question is why do we keep all of these things? Do they hold a special meaning to us? Do they bring back a lot of memories? What is treasure and what is trash?Trash or clutters are unused things that are piling up and just taking up space. Maybe there are things that we bought and can't stand the idea of wasting it. But think about it if you're not using it, it's a rater â€Å"waste† to keep it when someone else could use it. Donate it or give it away its going to take up space anyway. Another example of clutter that can be challenging to some is unwanted gifts.Remember you can still appreciate the thought and effort and value the person regardless if you decided to keep the item or throw it away. Its best to avoid this type of clutter in the futur e by thoughtfully and politely letting friends and family know that you are doing your best to cut back on the clutter. There are things that are worth keeping like an item that has a sentimental meaning behind it.

Abigail progressed Essay

Abigail is the former mistress of John Proctor, and also the previous maid of the Proctor residence. Abigail is the niece of Revered Parris and attempted to practise witchcraft, only to be caught by her uncle. This lead to the arrival of several other characters to precede in the Salem witch trials, where Abigail and her friends act as witnesses. In the beginning of the play, she seems to be dishonest in admitting to witchcraft. When she talks to Parris, she attempts to use Tituba as a scapegoat. â€Å"But we never conjured spirits†¦ She always sings her Barbados songs, and we dance. † Abigail tells this to Parris to attempt to clear her name, as she and her friends are accused of witchcraft by the Reverend. She might be thinking that if she persuades her Uncle long enough, the civil blood between the two would make Parris believe that she is innocent, yet Parris is already concerned over the reputation she is getting from a remark that Elizabeth had supposedly made. â€Å"†¦ she comes so rarely to church this year for she will not sit so close to something soiled†¦ † This has one of the biggest in the opening Act as this sends a message to the audience of what Abigail’s character is based around, and what she is truly like. In my opinion, Miller describes Abigail’s character in this manner as he is trying to contrast her character with that of Elizabeth, in the sense of honesty, as how Elizabeth is described in a later discussion between Proctor and Danforth. Abigail is shown to be a sweet young woman, caring for her relatives. This is shown in the book, which would make you believe that she is innocent. However, in the film of â€Å"The Crucible,† Abigail is shown dancing at the beginning of the first segment. This changes your perspective of the character Abigail, due to the relatively bad thing she is performing, which back in those days and what many people believe even now to be a sin. â€Å"In her life sir, she never lied†¦ my wife cannot lie† Therefore Abigail is said to lie a great deal, whilst Elizabeth hardly ever lies. Abigail is quick to change her attitude to the girls, intimidating them into a worrisome state. She speaks to her so called ‘friends’ about the consequences of telling of the witchery they attempted to perform. She uses a natural power she has to strike terror in the hearts of her friends. She also shows how maniacal and ruthless she can be. â€Å"Let either of you breathe a word†¦ and I will come in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. † Abigail says this to her group of girls as she aims to strike fear in the eye of her followers, stating that if they were to betray her, she would come back and haunt them. And as she explains how she has seen murders occur before her very own eyes, she exclaims she is able to murder any victim she desires. This affects the audience, as in the beginning of the play, they observe a sweet, young lady transform so quickly into this vicious, desperate girl. I think Miller quickly turns Abigail into this enraged character as now the audience can see just how she really acts, behind the faces of her elders. He is successful in doing this as just a few minutes in the plays time before this, as she talks to Parris; she seems to be trying to show Parris of how considerate she is of his feelings by asking him to rest. â€Å"Uncle, you’ve prayed since midnight. Why do you not go down and -† He shows her speaking with Parris in a manor which a child would talk to their own parents, contrasting the way she talks to her friends, which I think in her opinion is people who she has power over. Miller attempts to show a classic stereotype of a distressed person in a forlorn situation when she is seen talking to her friends. Abigail does have a soft spot in her heart for one person – John Proctor. We, the audience hear that John and Abigail have had an affair. In Proctors mind, it is now clearly over between them. â€Å"I’ll not be comin’ for you no more† But Abigail does not see their relationship this way, and thinks that they should be together. â€Å"Give me a word, John. A soft word. † She says this to entice him towards her, in a manner of flirtation. This affects the audience by letting them know who the one man Abigail is in love with is, and how she is willing to re-kindle her relationship with Proctor, even if it means to make Elizabeth a divorcee. I think Miller writes about Abigail in this way to show the audience just how her character resembles that of a stereotype of a young, spoilt girl who will do anything to get what she wants, but never what she deserves. Abigail becomes quick to hand the blame of practising witchcraft over to Tituba, whilst she and her friends knew that it was her lead the witchery into the stage of being â€Å"worshippers of Lucifer. † When Hale and Parris came to confront Abigail about the witchery, the pressure became too much for her, and blurted out the only persons name she thought she could get away with. â€Å"Did you call the Devil last night? † â€Å"I never called him! Tituba†¦ Tituba†¦ † Hale and Parris are quick to believe the story of Abigail, calling for the presence of Tituba. But at the same they time, they do begin to fear the safety of Abigail from the Devil. â€Å"Have you sold yourself to Lucifer? † â€Å"I never sold myself! I’m a good girl! I’m a proper girl! † She probably done this to show all of her elders that she is a good Christian girl, and lied to protect herself from a punishment and to also save her Uncle’s reputation as the towns Reverend. This shows just how ruthless Abigail can be, and to what lengths she would go to bring her own happiness, even if it meant causing pain and suffering to others. I think Miller done this to be constant in Abigail’s character, showing she can be deceiving and sly. This also shows throughout Act 1, Abigail has maintained a constant character. In the duration of Act Two, Abigail didn’t make an appearance, but she was, however, talked about a lot by the other characters, especially by the Proctors. It also appears that she tried to frame Elizabeth Proctor of witchcraft, by cleverly, yet deceivingly sticking a needle into her in the same position a needle was in Elizabeth’s doll, acting as if Elizabeth’s â€Å"poppet† was a voodoo doll. But this incident isn’t seen, but only talked about by Cheever to Hale, Proctor and Elizabeth.

Academic English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Academic English - Essay Example The different areas of recognition that came from the child labor movement have proven that there are no circumstances in which child labor is an acceptable cause. Since it moves against the child’s natural physical and mental development, it is a detriment to the child to be forced to move into a labor situation and to not have the needs of a child that is growing in society. There are several companies that find it acceptable to use child labor, specifically because of the surrounding circumstances and economy. For most, this leads to a different level of reinforcement that provides the economy with more manufactured goods. More importantly, adults that aren’t able to work are able to allow their children to work under certain circumstances to support the family and the needs that are a part of the household. The main reason why child labor is continuously used is to help a family to move out of poverty and to better the circumstances in which the family is living in. More importantly, some countries have established roles with children that are based specifically on roles that the children should hold. Traditional ideals of the women’s role in society, implications of what the child is to do after they have gone through school and educational factors all influence the decision of the family to move a child into the labor force as opposed to helping them to go through the extra schooling that is required for the betterment of their cognitive development (Siddiqi, Patrinos, 2004). The several reasons behind child labor expand into the need for survival which is depicted by the family and those that are in the surrounding environment. In many countries, the concept of schooling and cognitive development is considered as secondary and isn’t as pertinent to the economic needs that are within the household. The traditional role of the household sees the aspect of child labor as one that is expected and which is a part of the upbringing of a child.

Learning Abilities Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Learning Abilities - Thesis Example The Psychosocial theory of dementia by Kitwoood and Bredin (Finnamore, and Lord, 2007) suggests that a proportion of decline in the learning abilities of such people is the resultant of the destructive environment that may be encountered in an assisted living facility. These environments may affect the personhood of an individual and may actually undermine it. The care which is not capable of maintaining well being may lead to distress and may actually further worsen the baseline learning ability. These mostly elderly patients, especially when they are away from home and families, deserve care. This concept is the basis for assisted living facilities. However, ability to learn on the part of the residents is a very important parameter for effective care delivery. An effective care is based on interactions and communications. If these individuals have learning disability, it becomes very difficult on the part of the caregivers to understand the nature of any emerging difficulty (National Survey of Latinos, 2002). Superimposed learning difficulty leads to more time in interactions. The communication becomes invariably different and difficult. This level of difficulty seems apparent in inability of the care professionals to understand their problems which appears to merge eventually to a thinking that these individuals would need either care by specially trained professionals and hence general professionals would not need to bother about the need for any quality care for these i ndividuals. The net result is ordinary care is very sparsely available, and the health and other care needs of this segment of population is either unmet or very poorly met (Mossakowski, 2003). Therefore, there is a need for robust social model of support in the community level, and in the institutional setting such as assisted living facilities, may people are placed in lonely and segregated settings where a joint work between healthcare and social care services based on the appropriate understanding of their care needs is required. Therefore, it would be prudent to understand the degrees and types of learning disabilities of this population so a care design can be done which could be more effective. There are consequently a number of factors need to be considered. This population is ageing, which is associated with dementia and other long-term mental health problems, both of which may lead to intellectual impairment and hence learning disability, all of which are considered to be barriers for quality service delivery (Moradi & Risco, 2006). Review of Literature Age is an important contributor to learning disability in the elderly population. The three basic changes that occur in this population are effects of aging and dementia, metal deterioration and cognitive impact on learning capabilities, and learning disabilities due to language barriers. There may be a question why specifically the Hispanic population in the United States. Steinberg et al. (2003) indicated that the Hispanics constitute the largest minority group in the United States, and they account for 12.5% of the total population. This is a rapidly growing US group of minority who mainly descend from the immigrant families deriving their identities from Mexico, Central and South America, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. As per US Census Bureau Report (2001), despite

Upcoming Technologies within the healthcare Industry Research Paper

Upcoming Technologies within the healthcare Industry - Research Paper Example In the present world technology plays a vital role in our personal lives as well as in every industry. Health care is definitely one of the most crucial industries among them. The improvement of technology is required for saving countless lives all around the world. It is such kind of big field where innovation is required at each and every step. There are so many areas in the health care industry where improvement is required. Information technology, pharmaceuticals, bio technology etc are the most important areas among them. Development of equipment and medical devices are also required for improving the health of people. From the small innovation [like innovation of ankle braces or adhesive bandages] to large innovation [like innovation of MIR machines, Scan machines, artificial organs etc] all are required to felt an impact on the health care industry. Research objectives will help to clarify the research project and give some specific goals to the researchers to achieve the desired level of outcomes. This helps to define the focus on the research topic, indicate various steps which are involved in the research and establish the limit of the research or avoid collection of data which are unnecessary. There are so many objectives in case of improvement of technologies in the health care field. These are as follows: Improvement of technologies will also reduce the burden of more manpower resources. The productivity will increase by decreasing labor intensive work forces especially in this industry (Carlsson, 2002). It will also help to reduce the processing time. Without the technologies people have to wait long time for getting admission inside of a hospital. The testing procedure also was time consuming before applying the improved technological tools. Technology can solve the problem for waiting a long time before starting a treatment. Mobility can be stated as another objective of this research which will help to reduce the waiting time of

Defend or criticize the claim, There is no significant moral Essay

Defend or criticize the claim, There is no significant moral difference between killing and letting die - Essay Example On the other hand, many argue that there is no significant moral difference between these two actions that bring about death. Choosing not to act and ignore is an action itself, and that puts the responsibility of the end result on the person. Therefore, there is no moral difference between killing and letting die, but in some cases active euthanasia is preferred. Considering the limited resources available, the letting die part can be justified. There will always be people who will die naturally or unnaturally. Nobody can escape from death, and so everybody would have to go through it someday. Those who die because of some disease there is a relevant and a genuine explanation for that. Some people will embrace death because the available sources are not enough to save them. Spending huge amount of time to save those whose injuries and diseases are so fatal that it is certain that they will die would be useless. Considering this bitter reality consuming resources for those who have no hope of surviving would be a waste. It would be better to divert these resources to someone who has a hope of surviving. The term passive euthanasia describes this approach of allocating resources to those who have a better chance of living. There is some difference between killing and letting to die. Killing is an action that involves activating the process of death and the events that lead to death. However, letting someone die is different as it involves refraining from any further actions to save the person who is already counting his last breaths leading to his death. So in this manner a person is not killed by human hands but dies of a natural phenomenon. Apparently, there doesn’t seem to be a difference between passive and active euthanasia. Deciding to withdraw from treating the patient is almost equal to injecting the patient with a

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 55

Journal - Essay Example He then says he can name countries that can consume the whole nation without regardless of the preservation (Lynch n.d.). He uses allusion to confront England due to its proximity. His allusion directly hits the English for misusing Ireland. He, however, does not spare his wrath to Ireland. In the course of his literature, he presents various alternative solutions that it can use to solve its problems. He puts that none of his suggestions was put into practice. In his literature, he stresses on the extent and number of Ireland’s social problems, neglect, and indifference that the citizens had to encounter (Lynch n.d.). Swift uses an adopted persona to ridicule the people who recommend economic and political solutions to Ireland without considering the human cost that will be involved. With an overwhelming irony, he demonstrates the inhumanity of patterns meant to alleviate the sufferings from the poor. Absurd principles form the basis of the schemes (Lynch

You should evaluate the lesson we did what went well, and what didnt Article - 1

You should evaluate the lesson we did what went well, and what didnt. What would you change if you taught the lesson again - Article Example ccess of this lesson plan was that it aimed at sparking interest in students; for example, they were asking to write central ideas and details about their favorite vacation spots in activity 2, leading to the main discussion of the topic. This way, they could view their personal choices in a bigger picture. Graphic organizers were used, which would have proven to be fantastic help for visual learners. Hence, this lesson plan is quite splendid as it encompasses all kinds of students who benefitted through group learning and visual aids. One discrepancy that might get noticed is that it does not include the question-answer session at the end of the lesson. Students must be asked what they learned or what they could not understand, so as to get a better idea about the success of this lesson plan. A short quiz or a question-answer session might just do the task, as it will allow the students to exhibit their understanding of the topic right before leaving the

Sampling assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sampling assignment - Essay Example nd-picked to constitute a team of 20 students without condition or any other consideration (be it a student of any level, of any particular gender or age). The result of the average of the sample in comparison with the population is showing a relative large deviation since the first sample is just a mere representation of the whole population constituting 20% of the whole population in general. Another aspect of the big deviation is the existence of extreme values within the first sample for instance while student ID no. 1 has zero days for being absent, the student ID no. 7 has 13 days of absenteeism. The second sample of this sampling technique is categorically picked on the basis of gender. The technique seeks to investigate the difference created as a result of the school attendance among the boy-child vis a vis the girl-child. This second sample particularly check the absenteeism rate across the whole school for the girl-child gender. The list of the 20 students randomly picked from the whole population of the 100 students are as stated in correspondence with their ID numbers and the number of days a student has been absent from school over the period. The positive deviation felt in the second sample as compared to the population average is as a result of reduction in sample space from 100 to 20 students for the sampling purposes. The average rate of absenteeism among the girls is slightly higher than the average population average, showing absenteeism is higher among girl-child in school. The third sample of this sampling technique entails the 20 boys among the 100 students population. This sample randomly picks at student from any grade, any age as long as he is a boy-child for this sampling purpose. Their ID numbers are recorded alongside their respective number of days one has been absent from school as follows: The average rate of absenteeism among the boys in the school is slightly above the average rate of absenteeism in the general population of

Privatizing of Social Security Essay Example for Free

Privatizing of Social Security Essay In â€Å"Privatizing Social Security,† the author discusses the importance of privatizing social security. The author gave a brief overview of the history of social security and explained what he thinks is wrong with the system. Although the author explained the benefits of privatization, his views come off as a bit simplistic because he oversimplifies the social and economic problems that are associated with privatizing social security. In the article the author discusses how the social security trust fund will be in financial difficulty by the year 2018 if the retirement age, tax laws, and other laws associated social security do not change. The author states that the social security financial crisis will arise when the government has to pay the trust fund with treasury notes, which has led him to believe that privatization is the answer to saving the system. Although the author argues that privatization is the answer to social security crisis, it is not the best solution because it will lead to social and economic problems in the future. The main problem with the author’s argument is that he believes that privatization will allow social security funds to grow, since people will be investing their money rather than simply contributing to the fund. However the author fails to take into account that most people lack education to successfully invest money, which threatens their future economic security. The author also fails to consider that investing social security funds is the equivalent to gambling because markets rise and fall and people could potentially lose substantial amounts of retirement money if they cash out during an economic downturn. Although the author made valid points to support privatization, such as changing laws associated with social security, the author should not simplify the costs of privatization because privatizing is a gamble, which takes the security out of social security.

Insider Dealing in Hong Kong Essay Example for Free

Insider Dealing in Hong Kong Essay Although insider dealing has been a criminal offence under section 291 of Chapter 571, Securities and Futures Ordinance (SFO) in Hong Kong since 2003, the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) was initially slow to prosecute offenders, commencing its first criminal insider dealing prosecution only in January 2008. Factors to be considered to commence criminal proceedings In deciding whether to commence criminal proceedings against an alleged insider dealer, the SFC will have regard to the guidelines in the prosecution policy of the Department of Justice, which require two basic factors to be considered: 1. Sufficiency of evidence The burden of proof is greater in criminal proceedings and the SFC will generally only recommend criminal proceedings where there is admissible, substantial and reliable evidence that an offence has been committed and there is a reasonable prospect of a conviction. Where there is a lack of sufficient evidence to meet the criminal burden of proof, the SFC is likely to initiate civil proceedings. 2. Public interest Whether, taking into account the circumstances of a particular case, it is in the public interest to bring a prosecution before the courts. First Criminal Case of Insider Dealing in Hong Kong In the case of HKSAR v Ma Hon-yeung (DCCC 229-240/2008) which involved Ma Hon-yeung, former Vice President of BNP Paribas Peregrine Capital Ltd, now known as BNP Paribas Capital (Asia Pacific) Ltd (BNP Paribas), an investment bank. The case is related to trading in the shares of Egana Jewellery Pearls Ltd (Egana), a listed company in Hong Kong prior to an announcement made to the market on 11 Jul 2006 aboutprivatization of the company. Ma Hon-yeung learned of a proposed privatization of Egana and tipped off his girlfriend, Ivy Lo Yuk-wah and three other family members, Sammy Ma Hon-kit, Cordelia Tso Kin-wah and Ronald Ma Chun-ho, within days of becoming privy to the proposed deal. All of them bought shares in Egana before the company announced a privatization plan and made a profit as a result. Between 1 June 2006 and 6 July 2006, trading in Egana’s shares ranged between HK$1.35 and HK$1.61 with average daily turnover of 636,630 shares. Trading in the shares of Egana and EganaGoldpfeil were suspended on 7 July 2006 pending an announcement. On 11 July 2006, Egana and EganaGoldpfeil made a joint announcement about a proposed privatization of Egana. The proposal offered shareholders a choice of receiving HK$1.80 per share or one share of EganaGoldpfeil for every 1.5 Egana shares or a combination of both. Following the announcement on 11 July 2006 the share price closed at HK$1.84 with substantially increased turnover of 25 million shares. The privatization proposal was approved by shareholders and by the court and became effective on 23 October 2006. Egana was delisted on the following day. Ma acted as a financial consultant for Egana during the privatization move, which he knew was confidential, price sensitive information. Ma had counselled or procured Ivy and Sammy to trade in Egana shares. He was convicted of insider dealing contrary to section 291(1)(b). Ivy, bought 1.51 million shares in Egana between June 20 and July 6, 2006. She was convicted of insider dealing contrary to section 291(5)(a). Ma transferred a total HK$1.7 million into Ivys account before the privatization announcement. She later sold the shares and transferred the money back to Ma’s account. Sammy , Cordelia and Ronald bought Egana shares separately from July 6. Sammy, Ronald and Cordelia traded in Egana shares having information through Mas connection to Egana about the proposed privatisation. Owing to their close family relationship between Ma andhis three family members, who received and made profit by utilizing such information, all of them were convicted of insider dealing contrary to section 291(5)(a) and (8) of SFO. Ma and Ivy were given custodial sentences of 26 months and 12months respectively. Ma’s three family members were ordered to serve 200 hours of community service. Fines were also imposed in amounts equivalent to the profits they had made while dealing in Egana shares ahead of the privatization which are HK$230,000, HK$210,000, HK$330,000, HK$110,000 and HK$17,000 respectively. The Court also ordered them to pay the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) investigation costs totaling HK$322,742. This is the first time any person has been sentenced to jail for insider dealing in Hong Kong. The family members avoided custodial sentences because they were merely opportunistic investors making use of the relevant information divulged by the vice-president. There was no evidence that they assisted him in carrying out his plot for personal gain by using insider information. The conduct of the girlfriend, on the other hand, warranted a custodial sentence as she was the person executing the plot on behalf of the vice-president. She was fully aware of his position of trust in the financial institution and had used her trading account to perpetrate the plot. As such, the court viewed her involvement in the misconduct as being much more serious than that of an opportunistic investor; community service could not adequately reflect her culpability. However, we continue to see obvious and flagrant breaches of the insider dealing laws, such as insiders and/or their families’ members will exploited the confidential information they obtained to make a gain on disposal of shares. One of the reasons may be that the punishment for insider dealing in Hong Kong is mild for the offenders.

Uses Of Starter Motors And Their History Engineering Essay

Uses Of Starter Motors And Their History Engineering Essay Motor Starters are switches specially designed for starting motors. These switches are designed to control the flow of current. There are basically two types of motor starters, Manual Starters and Magnetic Starters. Uses of STARTER In a Motor : 1: To give starting resistance to motor. 2:Starter is used to safe the motor winding from the high starting current. 3: Starter is used in a motor to control the limit of high starting current.As the motor starts(in case of DC motor) high current occurs which is controlled by use of high resistance slowly cut out of the circuit. History Both Otto cycle and Diesel cycle internal-combustion engines require the pistons which is used to convert pressure into motion. Originally, a hand crank(handle) was used to start engines, but it was difficult, and dangerous to start an engine. Even though cranks had an overrun mechanism, when the engine started, the crank could begin to spin along with the crankshaft and it might strike the person starting the engine. Care has to be taken to prevent the spark from backfiring. In short we can say that there is a lot of risk while starting the engine with a a crank.Moreover, increasingly larger engines with higher compression ratios made hand cranking a more physically demanding endeavour. While there was a need of starter, as in 1899, Clyde J. Coleman applied for U.S. Patent 745,157 for an electric automobile self-starter inventing one that worked successfully in most conditions did not occur until 1911 when Charles F. Kettering of Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (DELCO) invented and filed for U.S. Patent 1,150,523 for the first useful electric starter. (Kettering had replaced the hand crank on NCRs cash registers with an electric motor five years earlier.) One aspect of the invention lay in the realization that a relatively small motor, driven with higher voltage and current than would be feasible for continuous operation, could deliver enough power to crank the engine for starting. At the voltage and current levels required, such a motor would burn out in a few minutes of continuous operation, but not during the few seconds needed to start the engine. The starters were first installed by Cadillac on production models in 1912. The Model T relied on hand cran ks until 1919; by 1920 most manufacturers included self-starters.The electric starter ensured that anyone could easily start and run an internal combustion engine car, and this made it the design of choice for car buyers from that day forward. Details about the Starters used-> Following starters used to operate motor starter Electric starter Gear reduction starter Pneumatic starter The Principal at which motor starter is worked Electric starter used in motor starter Electric starter Main Housing Overrunning clutch Armature Field coils Brushes Solenoid What is motor starter? A starter motor is a high-torque electric motor for turning the gear on the engine flywheel. The modern starter motor is either a permanent-magnet or a series-parallel wound direct current electric motor with a solenoid switch (similar to a relay) mounted on it. When current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, usually through a key-operated switch, it pushes out the drive pinion on the starter driveshaft and meshes the pinion with the ring gear on the flywheel of the engine. Before the advent of key-driven starters, most electric starters were actuated by foot-pressing a pedestal located on the floor, generally above the accelerator pedal. Solenoid The solenoid also closes high-current contacts for the starter motor, which begins to turn. Once the engine starts, the key-operated switch is opened, a spring in the solenoid assembly pulls the pinion gear away from the ring gear, and the starter motor stops. The starters pinion is clutched to its driveshaft through an overrunning sprag clutch which permits the pinion to transmit drive in only one direction. In this manner, drive is transmitted through the pinion to the flywheel ring gear, but if the pinion remains engaged (as for example because the operator fails to release the key as soon as the engine starts), the pinion will spin independently of its driveshaft. This prevents the engine driving the starter, for such backdrive would cause the starter to spin so fast as to fly apart. However, this sprag clutch arrangement would preclude the use of the starter as a generator if employed in hybrid scheme mentioned above; unless modifications are made. Also, a standard starter motor is only designed for intermittent use which would preclude its use as a generator. Overrunning clutch This overrunning-clutch pinion arrangement was phased into use beginning in the early 1960s; before that time, a Bendix drive was used. The Bendix system places the starter drive pinion on a helically-cut driveshaft. When the starter motor begins turning, the inertia of the drive pinion assembly causes it to ride forward on the helix and thus engage with the ring gear. When the engine starts, backdrive from the ring gear causes the drive pinion to exceed the rotative speed of the starter, at which point the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and thus out of mesh with the ring gear. An intermediate development between the Bendix drive developed in the 1930s and the overrunning-clutch designs introduced in the 1960s was the Bendix Folo-Thru drive. The standard Bendix drive would disengage from the ring gear as soon as the engine fired, even if it did not continue to run. The Folo-Thru drive contains a latching mechanism and a set of flyweights in the body of the drive unit. When the starter motor begins turning and the drive unit is forced forward on the helical shaft by inertia, it is latched into the engaged position. Only once the drive unit is spun at a speed higher than that attained by the starter motor itself (i.e., it is backdriven by the running engine) will the flyweights pull radially outward, releasing the latch and permitting the overdriven drive unit to be spun out of engagement. In this manner, unwanted starter disengagement is avoided before a successful engine start. Starter used in motor starter : Gear-reduction starters Chrysler Corporation contributed materially to the modern development of the starter motor. In 1962, Chrysler introduced a starter incorporating a geartrain between the motor and the driveshaft. Rolls Royce had introduced a conceptually similar starter in 1946, but Chryslers was the first volume-production unit. The motor shaft has integrally-cut gear teeth forming a drive gear which mesh with a larger adjacent driven gear to provide a gear reduction ratio of 3.75:1. This permits the use of a higher-speed, lower-current, lighter and more compact motor assembly while increasing cranking torque. Variants of this starter design were used on most vehicles produced by Chrysler Corporation from 1962 through 1987. The Chrysler starter made a unique, readily identifiable sound when cranking the engine. This starter formed the design basis for the offset gear reduction starters now employed by about half the vehicles on the road, and the conceptual basis for virtually all of them. Many Japanese automakers phased in gear reduction starters in the 1970s and 1980s. Light aircraft engines also made extensive use of this kind of starter, because its light weight offered an advantage. Those starters not employing offset geartrains like the Chrysler unit generally employ planetary epicyclic geartrains instead. Direct-drive starters are almost entirely obsolete owing to their larger size, heavier weight and higher current requirements. Ford also issued a nonstandard starter, a direct-drive movable pole shoe design that provided cost reduction rather than electrical or mechanical benefits. This type of starter eliminated the solenoid, replacing it with a movable pole shoe and a separate starter relay. The Ford starter operated as follows: The operator closed the key-operated starting switch. A small electric current flowed through the starter relay coil, closing the contacts and sending a large current to the starter motor assembly. One of the pole shoes, hinged at the front, linked to the starter drive, and spring-loaded away from its normal operating position, swung into position. This moved a pinion gear to engage the flywheel ring gear, and simultaneously closed a pair of heavy-duty contacts supplying current to the starter motor winding. The starter motor cranked the engine until it started. An overrunning clutch in the pinion gear uncoupled the gear from the ring gear. The operator released the key-operated starting switch, cutting power to the starter motor assembly. A spring retracted the pole shoe, and with it, the pinion gear. FEATURES / BENEFITS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It is Compact . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It has high torque. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It has high durability. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It has self-contained clutch shaft. Electric starter The modern starter motor is either a permanent-magnet or a series-parallel wound direct current electric motor with a solenoid switch (similar to a relay) mounted on it. When current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, usually through a key-operated switch, it pushes out the drive pinion on the starter driveshaft and meshes the pinion with the ring gear on the flywheel of the engine. Before the advent of key-driven starters, most electric starters were actuated by foot-pressing a pedestal located on the floor, generally above the accelerator pedal. The solenoid also closes high-current contacts for the starter motor, which begins to turn. Once the engine starts, the key-operated switch is opened, a spring in the solenoid assembly pulls the pinion gear away from the ring gear, and the starter motor stops. The starters pinion is clutched to its driveshaft through an overrunning sprag clutch which permits the pinion to transmit drive in only one direction. In this manner, drive is transmitted through the pinion to the flywheel ring gear, but if the pinion remains engaged (as for example because the operator fails to release the key as soon as the engine starts), the pinion will spin independently of its driveshaft. This prevents the engine driving the starter, for such backdrive would cause the starter to spin so fast as to fly apart. However, this sprag clutch arrangement would preclude the use of the starter as a generator if employed in hybrid scheme mentioned above; unless modifications are made. Also, a standard starter motor is only designed for intermittent use which would preclude its use as a generator. This overrunning-clutch pinion arrangement was phased into use beginning in the early 1960s; before that time, a Bendix drive was used. The Bendix system places the starter drive pinion on a helically-cut driveshaft. When the starter motor begins turning, the inertia of the drive pinion assembly causes it to ride forward on the helix and thus engage with the ring gear. When the engine starts, backdrive from the ring gear causes the drive pinion to exceed the rotative speed of the starter, at which point the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and thus out of mesh with the ring gear. An intermediate development between the Bendix drive developed in the 1930s and the overrunning-clutch designs introduced in the 1960s was the Bendix Folo-Thru drive. The standard Bendix drive would disengage from the ring gear as soon as the engine fired, even if it did not continue to run. The Folo-Thru drive contains a latching mechanism and a set of flyweights in the body of the drive unit. When the starter motor begins turning and the drive unit is forced forward on the helical shaft by inertia, it is latched into the engaged position. Only once the drive unit is spun at a speed higher than that attained by the starter motor itself (i.e., it is backdriven by the running engine) will the flyweights pull radially outward, releasing the latch and permitting the overdriven drive unit to be spun out of engagement. In this manner, unwanted starter disengagement is avoided before a successful engine start. The modern starter motor is a series-wound direct current electric motor with a solenoid switch (similar to a relay) mounted on it. When low-current power from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid (the thin, grey wire in the image above), usually through a key-operated switch, it pushes out a small pinion gear on the starter motors shaft and meshes it with the ring gear on the flywheel of the engine. The solenoid also closes high-current contacts (powered through the thick red cable in the image) for the starter motor and it starts to run. Once the engine starts, the key-operated switch is opened, a spring in the solenoid assembly pulls the pinion gear away from the ring gear, and the starter motor stops. Modern starter motors have a bendix   a gear and integral freewheel, or overrunning clutch, that enables the flywheel to automatically disengage the pinion gear from the flywheel when the engine starts. Chrysler and Ford both contributed to the starter market, with two types that were very different to those used on vehicles today. Chrysler manufactured a gear reduction starter employing a small gear to drive a larger gear attached to the starters pinion gear shaft. This allowed lower current to be drawn from the battery to run the starter, and still had the initial torque needed to turn the flywheel approximately at 200 rpm. This starter is also smaller and integrates the starter solenoid in the starter case, instead of having it mounted externally. Since this design weighs less, it has also been adapted to some light aircraft engines, where minimizing weight is very important. Fords version was slightly more complicated. The engineers at Ford Motor Company used a positive engagement style starter. This type of starter eliminated the solenoid, replacing it with a moveable armature and a separate starter relay. An armature is a part made of ferromagnetic metal that is magnetized by a coil of copper ribbon wound around it, creating an electromagnet. The Ford starter operated as follows: The operator closed the key-operated starting switch. A small electric current flowed through the starter relay coil, closing the contacts and sending a large current to the starter motor assembly. The armature moved a pinion gear to engage the flywheel ring gear, and simultaneously closed a pair of heavy-duty contacts supplying current to the starter motor winding. The starter motor cranked the engine until it started. An overrunning clutch in the pinion gear uncoupled the gear from the ring gear. The operator released the key-operated starting switch, cutting power to the starter motor assembly. A spring retracted the armature, and with it, the pinion gear. Current Ford starter designs incorporate the starter solenoid into the starter motor assembly, instead of mounting it on the firewall or on a fender. Starter motor A starter is an electric motor needed to turn over the engine to start it. A starter consists of the very powerful DC electric motor and starter solenoid that is attached to the motor (see the picture). A starter motor requires very high current to crank the engine, thats why its connected to the battery with large cables (see lower diagram). The negative (ground) cable connects -battery terminal to the engine block close to the starter. The positive cable connects +battery terminal to the starter solenoid. The starter solenoid works as an electric switch when actuated, it closes the circuit and connects the starter motor to the battery. At the same time, it pushes the starter gear forward to mesh with the engines flywheel. How the starting system works: When you turn the ignition key to the Startposition, the battery voltage goes through the starter control circuit and activates the starter solenoid, which in turn energizes the starter motor. The starter motor cranks the engine. A starter can only be operated when the automatic transmission shifter is in Parkor Neutralposition or if the car has a manual transmission, when the clutch pedal is depressed. To accomplish this, there is a Neutral safety switchinstalled at the automatic transmission, (or at the clutch pedal). When the automatic transmission is not in Parkor Neutral(or when the clutch pedal is not depressed), the neutral safety switch is open and the starter relay disconnects the starter control circuit. Simplified diagram of typical starting system Pneumatic Starter A Pneaumatic motor is a machine which converts in the form of compressed air into mechanical work. It converts it either in linear or rotary motion. Linear motion can come from piston actuator,while rotary motion is supplied by a piston air motor. These motors are very successful in hand-held tool industry. Classification Linear In order to achieve linear motion from compressed air, a system of pistons is most commonly used.   The compressed air is pumped into an air tight chamber that houses the shaft of the piston.   Also inside this chamber a spring is coiled around the shaft of the piston in order to hold the chamber completely open when air is not being pumped into the chamber.   As air is pumped into the chamber the force on the piston shaft begins to overcome the force being exerted on the spring. As more air is pumped into the chamber, the pressure increases and the piston begins to move down the chamber. When it reaches its maximum length the air pressure is released from the chamber and the spring completes the cycle by closing off the chamber to return to its original position.   Piston motors are the most commonly used in hydraulic systems. Essentially, piston motors are the same as hydraulic pumps except they are used to convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.    Piston motors are often used in series of two, three, four, five, or six cylinders that are enclosed in a housing.   This allows for more power to be delivered by the pistons because several motors are in sync with each other at certain times of their cycle Rotary Another type of pneumatic motor, known as a rotary vane motor, uses air to produce rotational motion to a shaft.   The rotating element is a slotted rotor which is mounted on a drive shaft. Each slot of the rotor is fitted with a freely sliding rectangular vane.[3] The vanes are extended to the housing walls using springs, cam action, or air pressure, depending on the motor design. Air is pumped through the motor input which pushes on the vanes creating the rotational motion of the central shaft. Rotation speeds can vary between 100 and 25,000 rpm depending on several factors which including the amount of air pressure at the motor inlet and the diameter of the housing.[1] Rotary motion vane type air motors are used to start large industrial diesel or natural gas engines.   Stored energy in the form of compressed air, nitrogen or natural gas enters the sealed motor chamber and exerts pressure against the vanes of a rotor.   Much like a windmill, this causes the rotor to turn at high speed.   Because the engine flywheel requires a great deal of torque to start the engine, reduction gears are used. Reduction gears to create high torque levels with the lower amounts of energy input. These reduction gears allow for sufficient torque to be generated by the engine flywheel while it is engaged by the pinion gear of the air motor or air starter. Application A widespread application of small pneumatic motors is in hand-held tools, power ratchet wrenches, drills, sanders, grinders, cutters, and so on. Though overall energy efficiency of pneumatics tools is low and they require access to a compressed-air source, there are several advantages over electric tools. They offer greater power density (a smaller pneumatic motor can provide the same amount of power as a larger electric motor), do not require an axillary speed controller (adding to its compactness), generate less heat, and can be used in more volatile atmospheres as they do not require electric power.Some gas turbine engines and Diesel engines, particularly on trucks, use a pneumatic self-starter. The system consists of a geared turbine, an air compressor and a pressure tank. Compressed air released from the tank is used to spin the turbine, and through a set of reduction gears, engages the ring gear on the flywheel, much like an electric starter. The engine, once running, powers th e compressor to recharge the tank. On larger diesel generators found in large shore installations and especially on ships, a pneumatic starting gear is used. The air motor is normally powered by compressed air at pressures of 10-30 bar. The air motor is made up of a center drum about the size of a soup can with four or more slots cut into it to allow for the vanes to be placed radially on the drum to form chambers around the drum. The drum is offset inside a round casing so that the inlet air for starting is admitted at the area where the drum and vanes form a small chamber compared to the others. The compressed air can only expand by rotating the drum which allows the small chamber to become larger and puts another one of the cambers in the air inlet. The air motor spins much too fast to be used directly on the flywheel of the engine, instead a large gearing reduction such as a planetary gear is used to lower the output speed. A Bendix gear is used to engage the flywheel. Some smaller diesel engines such as ones found on tugboats and lifeboats use hydraulic start motors in which the air motor is replaced with a hydraulic motor. While running, the engine shouldnt be shut down unless the hydraulic accumulators for the starting motor are recharged. Otherwise there is a manual hand pump to slowly pump up the accumulators. Since large trucks typically use air brakes, the system does double duty, supplying compressed air to the brake system. Pneumatic starters have the advantages of delivering high torque, mechanical simplicity and reliability. They eliminate the need for oversized, heavy storage batteries in prime mover electrical systems. BIBLOGRAPHY WWW.GOOGLE.COM WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM WWW.PHYSICS.ORG

Psychosocially Therapeutic Aspects of The Old Man and the Sea by Heming

Psychosocially Therapeutic Aspects of The Old Man and the Sea by Hemingway This exceptional story should be used as a therapeutic aid for hopeless and depressed people who needed a powerful force for continuing struggles of life against fate. They should say as the boy Manolin, "I'll bring the luck by myself." In the story the old man tells us "It is silly not to hope...besides I believe it is a sin." Hemingway draws a distinction between two different types of success: outer-material and inner-spiritual. While the old man lacks the former, the importance of this lack is eclipsed by his possession of the later. He teaches all people the triumph of indefatigable spirit over exhaustible resources. Hemingway's hero as a perfectionist man tells us: To be a man is to behave with honor and dignity, not to succumb to suffering, to accept one's duties without complaint, and most importantly to have maximum self-control. At the end of the story he mentions, "A man is not made for defeat...a man can be destroyed but not defeated." The book finishes with this symbolic sentence: "The old man was dreaming about lions." It is a psychological analysis of Hemingway famous story that we have used it as a psychotherapeutic aid for hopeless and depressed people and also psychological victims of war in a more comprehensive therapeutic plan. The first sentence of the book announces itself as Hemingway's: "He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish" . The words are plain, and the structure, two tightly-worded independent clauses conjoined by a simple conjunction, is ordinary, traits which characterize Hemingway's literary style. Santiago is the protagonist of the novella. He is an old fisherman in Cuba who, when we meet him at the beginning of the book, has not caught anything for eighty-four days. The novella follows Santiago's quest for the great catch that will save his career. Santiago endures a great struggle with a uncommonly large and noble marlin only to lose the fish to rapacious sharks on his way back to land. Despite this loss, Santiago ends the novel with his spirit undefeated. Some have said that Santiago represents Hemingway himself, searching for his next great book, an Everyman, heroic in the face of human tragedy, or the Oedipal male unconscious trying to slay his fat... ...session of the later. One way to describe Santiago's story is as a triumph of indefatigable spirit over exhaustible material resources. As noted above, the characteristics of such a spirit are those of heroism and manhood. That Santiago can end the novella undefeated after steadily losing his hard-earned, most valuable possession is a testament to the privileging of inner success over outer success. Triumph over crushing adversity is the heart of heroism, and in order for Santiago the fisherman to be a heroic emblem for humankind, his tribulations must be monumental. Triumph, though, is never final. Hemingway vision of heroism is Sisyphean, requiring continuous labor for quintessentially ephemeral ends. What the hero does is to face adversity with dignity and grace, hence Hemingway's Neo-Stoic emphasis on self-control and the other facets of his idea of manhood. What we achieve or fail at externally is not as significant to heroism as the comporting ourselves with inner nobility. As Santiago says, "Man is not made for defeat....A man can be destroyed but not defeated" . Works Cited: Hemingway, Ernest (1952). The Old Man and the Sea. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.

Buddhism in Japan Essay -- Buddhist Research Paper 2015

â€Å"Buddhism has the characteristics of what would be expected in a cosmic religion for the future; it transcends a personal God, avoids dogmas and theology; it covers both the natural and spiritual, and it is based on a religious sense aspiring from the experience of all things, natural and spiritual, as a meaningful unity.† Albert Einstein (Buddhism) Buddhism has affected many people. From the Buddha’s first followers to my next door neighbor, people everywhere have followed the teachings of Buddhism. Buddhism was started by a Prince; a prince who wanted more. Many different ways of showing appreciation to Buddha are present in today’s society as well as when Buddhism was first started. There are paintings, carvings, statues and buildings dedicated to Buddha, but one of the most prevalent of these ways of appreciation is the Byodoin Temple in Uji, Japan. This temple is a beautiful example of Japanese Buddhist architecture, including painting and carvings inside. To understand the full impact of this temple and its contents, we must first understand Buddhist thought. By starting with Buddha and going through Buddhist thought, art and the period in which the Byodoin was constructed, we will learn the true impact of this building on the Buddhist culture. Buddhism was born in a time when Hinduism ruled the streets. To many it seemed that somehow, somewhere, there had to be more. For one man, this puzzle would lead him on a journey through the countryside and towns of ancient Nepal and eventually into himself, where the true meaning of Buddhism lies. This is the story of that one man, Prince Siddhartha Gautama. Prince Siddhartha Gautama, born to Shuddhodana and Maya, the king and queen of the Sakyas, was born in Lumbini, Nepal around the year 563 BC. According to Buddhist belief, Siddhartha was â€Å"divinely conceived.† His mother had a dream one night, and in that dream an elephant with six tusks came to her with a lotus flower in its trunk and touched her right side. This is when Siddhartha was conceived. When Siddhartha was born, his father summoned Brahmins to tell what his future would hold. They gave him two options: he would either be a world conqueror or a great teacher. Wanting the first destiny for his son, Shuddhodana embellished his son with all the pleasures of life- not wanting him to see any death or disease. One day, Siddhartha asked his... ...s, Nigel. Web. 2 April 2015. http://www.nol.net/~jeffh/aikiclub/docs/byodo.txt â€Å"Heian Era.† Web. 27 Mar. 2015. http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~yh6d/byodoinindex.htm Hooker, Richard. Web. 6 April 2015. http://www.wsu.edu:8000/~dee/GLOSSARY/AMIDA.HTM â€Å"Japanese Temples.† Web. 2 April 2015. http://www.jinjapan.org/museum/temple/about_te.html â€Å"Jodo Sect.† Web. 27 Mar. 2015. http://www.isei.or.jp/books/63/63_7.html â€Å"Japan Travel Updates† Web. 6 April 2015. http://www.jnto.go.jp/regions/kinki/kyoto/vicinity_of_kyoto/545.html Mackenzie, Lynn. Non-western Art, a Brief Guide. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 1995. Pages 84-86. Paine, Robert and Alexander Sober. â€Å"Chronology of Japan’s Architecture.† â€Å"Pure Land Buddhism.† Web. 3 April 2015. http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/tl/japan/heian.html Smith, Huston. The Illustrated World’s Religions. Harper Collins, San Francisco. 1994. Pages 60-61, 64, 70-72, 74-75. â€Å"Thinkquest.† Web. 6 April 2015. http://library.thinkquest.org/29295/byodo-in.htm Web. 2 April 2015. http://www.kanzaki.com/jinfo/jart-fine.html â€Å"World Heritage National Treasures.† Web. 2 April 2015. http://www.kiis.or.jp/kansaida/uji/uji01-e.html

Stereotypes Essay -- essays research papers

Stereotypes Pretend you are driving along on the highway. You see a person on the side of the road having car problems. This is person is wearing an Armani suit and driving a Porsche. The next day, you encounter the same incident but, this time, it is a man wearing baggy jeans with holes in them, a dirty shirt and he looks very unclean. Would you be more likely to stop for the man in the Armani suit, or the the second man? I know that I would stop for man #1. The reason I and most of our society would do so, is because we have a horrible habit. The habit is unintentional and we do it not meaning to hurt anybody This habit is stereotyping people by the way they look or talk based on what society considers normal. In the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, Scout, Atticus and Tom Robinson are victims of being stereotyped by others. Each has to cope with being stereotyped. Scout and Atticus have the ability to change their ways in order for people to respect them, unlike Tom Robinson, who is stereotyped as a mutant to the town of Mayberry simply because he is black. For example people are preaching to Scout that she should act like a typical girl. Atticus is stereotyped as a traitor to his people, the white race, because he stands up for a black man, Tom Robinson, who is accused of raping a young woman. Last but not least, Tom Robinson is stereotyped as being a flaw in the human race because he is black. When he is accused of committing a rape, he is not given a fair tr... Stereotypes Essay -- essays research papers Stereotypes Pretend you are driving along on the highway. You see a person on the side of the road having car problems. This is person is wearing an Armani suit and driving a Porsche. The next day, you encounter the same incident but, this time, it is a man wearing baggy jeans with holes in them, a dirty shirt and he looks very unclean. Would you be more likely to stop for the man in the Armani suit, or the the second man? I know that I would stop for man #1. The reason I and most of our society would do so, is because we have a horrible habit. The habit is unintentional and we do it not meaning to hurt anybody This habit is stereotyping people by the way they look or talk based on what society considers normal. In the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, Scout, Atticus and Tom Robinson are victims of being stereotyped by others. Each has to cope with being stereotyped. Scout and Atticus have the ability to change their ways in order for people to respect them, unlike Tom Robinson, who is stereotyped as a mutant to the town of Mayberry simply because he is black. For example people are preaching to Scout that she should act like a typical girl. Atticus is stereotyped as a traitor to his people, the white race, because he stands up for a black man, Tom Robinson, who is accused of raping a young woman. Last but not least, Tom Robinson is stereotyped as being a flaw in the human race because he is black. When he is accused of committing a rape, he is not given a fair tr...

Healthy foods vs. not healthy foods Essay

Eating is something that we all have to do to stay alive and we do it at least three times a day. We live in a world where there are so many choices and no one but ourselves are responsible for the foods we eat. In this essay I will compare and contrast the differences between eating healthy foods instead of not so healthy foods. First I’m going to discuss the healthy foods. The two areas of healthy food I’m going to talk about are the benefits and taste. The Benefits of eating healthy foods are that our bodies stay healthy, keeps you full and satisfied longer during the day, giving you more energy through out the day and in the long run keeping us out of the doctor’s office. If you’re trying to lose weight consuming healthy foods is a start to lose weight. The taste of healthy foods is fresher and if you prepare it well the taste will satifa you but it can sometimes lack good taste if you don’t know how to prepare it. Second I’m going to discuss the benefits and taste of the not healthy foods. There is no benefit of eating food that isn’t healthy for you. When we consume foods that have no benefits we end up with all types of health problems like diabetes, heart conditions and being overweight Which all can lead to high medical bills. The taste of these kinds of food might tastes better at the moment due to all the ingredients that are in them and might cost cheaper so it becomes easier for us to consume. In the long run we are responsible for what we eat and the choices of food we buy but we should all consider the benefits it will make or not make.

Android: Mobile os Vs Desktop os

Mobile os Vs Desktop os Android was designed from the ground up as an operating system (OS) for mobile devices. Its built-in application and memory-management systems were engineered with battery life as one of the most critical concerns. The Android OS does not work like a desktop operating system. On a desktop OS, like Windows, Mac OS X, or Ubuntu Linux, the user is responsible for closing programs in order to keep a reasonable amount of memory available. On Android, this is not the case. The OS itself automatically removes programs from memory as memory is needed.The OS may also preload applications into memory which it thinks might soon be needed. Under the Hood of Google Android The easiest way I can think of to visualize Android's structure is by imagining a house with five rooms The house represents Android in general. The rooms inside, however, represent the five key features in Android's structure: * Applications * The Application Framework * Libraries * Android  Runtime * Linux Kernel. Now, imagine that each of these rooms hold a certain number of people. Each person represents an element of that room. Different rooms hold different amounts of people.Applications This first room is a doozy. It's â€Å"people† represent all the applications that you have in Android. Games, SMS a calendar, maps, a browser, and your contacts. All applications are written in Java ,so you can add or take away as many of these as you like. The Application Framework As a developer, you'll have full acces to the APIs used by the core apps. Android is designed so that any application can publish its capabilities. In turn, any  other  application can use those capabilities, as well. It has some security constraints, as is expected, but still. That's pretty awesome.Along with all that, you get a Content Provider (which allows apps to share information), a Resource Manager (to help you with graphics, layout files, etc), a Notification Manager (which gives you those a nnoying status beeps and such), and an Acticity Manager (which manages the life cycle of your apps). All in all, when it comes to creating applications quickly and easily, Android has you covered. We'll cover how to write an application in another article. So, you could say that the ‘people' in this room are the managers and providers and etc. Believe me, there are a LOT.Libraries Android has a set of core libraries off of which the applications run. As always, developers can directly access these. Some of the core libraries include FreeType, SQLite, LibWebCore, and SGL. Android Runtime You could say that the ‘Android runtime' room is pretty exclusive– it only has two people: the Dalvik Virtual Machine and the core libraries (am I getting on your nerves with this ‘people' thing yet? ). In Google Android, there's a tool called ‘DX'. What this does is it executes files in ‘. dex' format, which are specially for the Dalvik Virtual Machine.This forma t is also created for minimal memory footprints, which makes it ideal for cell phones. The Dalvik Virtual Machine is written so it can run multiple prcesses quickly and smoothly. It relies on the Linux Kernel to do its magic. We'll talk about that right after this. Linux Kernel Lastly, we have the Linux Kernel. This little room contains the Keypad, WiFi, Camera, and etc. drivers. The Linux Kernel holds all of Android's internal structure together. It uses Linux 2. 6, and also acts like an abstraction layer between the hardware and the software. 6 FILE SYSTEM . 1 Storage media: NAND Android uses the YAFFS flash file system, the first NAND optimized Linux flash file system. For mobile devices, hard disks are too large in size, too fragile and consume too much power to be useful. In contrast, flash memory provides fast read access time and better kinetic shock resistance than hard disks. There are fundamentally two different types of flash memory based on their construction technique: NOR and NAND. NOR is low density, offers slow writes and fast reads. NAND is low cost, high density and offers fast writes and slow reads.Embedded systems are increasingly using NAND flash for storage and NOR for code and execution. Limitations Important limitations of NAND memory include block erasure and memory wear. Block erasure means that when erasing any memory the whole block must be erased. NAND can be randomly accessed on a page basis during programming, but cannot offer arbitrary random access rewrite or erase during normal operation. To overcome this limitation, memory segments are marked to be removed or â€Å"dirty†. When the entire block is dirty, then it can be erased.Memory wear means that there are a limited number of erase-write cycles in the flash memory and at the end of its lifetime the data integrity of storage will deteriorate. Wear levelling techniques are used to uniformly use whole sections and to optimize the total lifetime of the device. Bad block management (BBM) is also used to perform write verification and remapping to spare sectors in case of write failure. 6. 2 File system for NAND: YAFFS YAFFS (Yet Another Flash File System) was developed by Toby Churchill Ltd (TCL) as a reliable filing system with fast boot time for their flash memory devices.They initially tried to modify existing flash file systems such as JFFS (used mainly for NOR) to add NAND support, but it turned out that the slow boot time and RAM consumption of existing flash file systems was unacceptable. This led them to develop a different flash file system especially for NAND according to its features and limitations to optimize performance and ensure robustness. Upon completion YAFFS performed better than existing flash file systems and can still be used with NOR, even though it is was specifically designed for NAND. YAFFS is the first flash file system specifically designed for NAND flash.YAFFS includes the following features: †¢ Journaling: a log-s tructured file system, which makes it robust to possible power failures. Note that YAFFS requires some RAM to maintain the data structure for its log. †¢ Garbage collection: highly optimized and predictable garbage collection strategies that makes it high performance and deterministic under hard writing. Collection is executed when free space becomes low. †¢ Lower memory requirement: it has a lower memory footprint than most other logstructured flash file systems, so it is more scalable. Flexibility: it uses a more general definition of NAND flash, is highly configurable and can be customized to work with various flash devices, different geometries, different error correction options, caching options, etc. †¢ Portability: although YAFFS was originally designed for use with Linux, its modular design make it easy and portable to many operating systems. The file-system-specific code was kept separate from the main YAFFS file system code. The YAFFS Direct Interface (YDI) can hook up to other filesystems by applying a wrapper layer. Robustness: it is well tested and has been used in many products. Bad block handling and error correction mitigate the limitations of flash memory. We can conceptually treat YAFFS as an improved version of flash file system with following improvements: 1. YAFFS uses less run-time RAM. 2. YAFFS garbage collection is simpler and faster. 3. YAFFS uses a whole page per file for headers and provides no compression. 4. YAFFS can be used on NOR but, will not perform very well. Therefore, partition size can be a guideline to choose between YAFFS and JFFS.For smaller partition sizes JFFS is better suited whereas for larger sizes YAFFS performs better. KERNAL MODIFICATIONS Android is based on the Linux, but does not use a standard Linux kernel. The kernel enhancements of Android include alarm driver, ashmem (Android shared memory driver), binder driver(Inter-Process Communication Interface), power management, low memory killer, ker nel debugger and logger. All these kernel enhancements have been contributed back to the open source community under the GNU Public License (GPL) [8]. Here we list a summary of the most substantial components : alarm driver: provides timers to wake devices up from sleep * ashmem: allows applications to share memory and manages the sharing in kernel levels. * binder driver: facilitates inter-process communication since data can be shared by multiple applications through the use of shared memory. A service registered as an IPC service do not have to worry about different threads because binder will handle, monitor and manage them. Binder also takes care of synchronization between processes. * Power management: built on the top on standard Linux Power Management (PM) and take a more aggressive policy to manage and save power.Android is hailed as â€Å"the first complete, open, and free mobile platform. † Complete: The designers took a comprehensive approach when they developed t he Android platform. They began with a secure operating system and built a robust software framework on top that allows for rich application development opportunities. Open: The Android platform is provided through open source licensing. Developers have unprecedented access to the handset features when developing applications. Free: Android applications are free to develop. There are no licensing or royalty fees to develop on the platform.No required membership fees. No required testing fees. No required signing or certification fees. Android applications can be distributed and commercialized in a variety of ways. Android instead has its own Linux power extension, Power Manager instead. The core power driver (Shown at the bottom of Figure 3 as â€Å"Power†) was added to the Linux kernel in order to facilitate this functionality. This module provides low level drivers in order to control the peripherals supported by the Power Manager. These peripherals currently include: scree n display and backlight, keyboard backlight and button backlight.Each peripheral's power is controlled through the use of Wake Locks. These locks are requested through the API whenever an application requires one of the managed peripherals to remain powered on (Each lock setting shown in Table 1). If no wake lock exists which â€Å"locks† the device, then it is powered off to conserve battery life. In the case of multiple power settings the transition is managed through the use of delays based on system activity. A sample of this behaviour is shown in Figure 4 for the screen backlight. In addition to Wake Locks the Power.

History of the Ashanti Kingdom

Otumfuo Opoku Ware II from 1970-1999. The Asante kingdom was founded by the great King Osei Tutu in the eighteenth century. His fetish priest was Okomfo Anokye, who unified the Asante states through allegiance to the Golden Stool, which miraculously descended from heaven. Okomfo Anokye planted two trees in the forest and predicted that one tree would live and become the capital of Ashanti. Hence is derived the name Kumasi (the tree lived); the place in which the other tree was planted became Kumawu (the tree died). Although located in the heart of the forest, Asante dominion was extended by military action and political skill towards the European occupied castles on the coast to the south, and also into the dry savannah lands to the north. This led to various wars with Britain. Kumasi was captured by the British Army in 1873 (as a result of which much of the magnificent Asante gold regalia can be seen in Londo n in the British Museum). After a final uprising in 1901, led by the Queen Mother of Ejisu (Yaa Asantewaa) Asante came into British Protection and finally became a region of the Gold Coast colony. In 1957, after a period of internal self-government, the Gold Coast becam e the first African colony to achieve independence under the charismatic leadership of Kwame Nkrumah. Kumasi Getting to the end of the 17th century Anokye Komfuo planted three â€Å"KUM† trees at different places. One at Kwaaman ruled by the Nananomayokofuo , a second one at Apemso-Bankofo ruled by Nananomaduanafuo and a third a village near Fomena and Amoafo called Oboani ruled by Nananomekuonafuo. The Kum tree at Kwaaman flourished and became a very big tree under which the King and his people often sat and so Kwaaman became Kum-ase meaning under Kum. The tree at Oboani was however very tiny and for no apparent reason was relatively short. According to oral tradition this small tree however produced a couple of other trees which were all small in size. The name of the village was changed to Kuma meaning small KUM. The Kum tree at Apemso-Bankofo did not grow at all. After some few weeks the leaves got rotten and the tree fell down and so it was said that the Kum tree has died or the Kum tree was dead and so the village became Kum-awu and this later chnaged to become Kumawu.

T box

The T- box is a power generated device that harnesses wind energy as trains run over railroad tracks. This alternative form of wind energy produced by trains is very unique, as it does not depend on any natural energy sources. Instead, the energy generated from this device is produced as a consequence of human activity. The T- box device generates energy without any interference of the normal train operation – the device is installed between railroad ties, and is partially buried underground. As the train passes over the device, the wind generated from the train spins the turbine nside the T- box to generate electricity.The T- box contains all the mechanical components required for harnessing, storing and supplying converted power. Hence, the power generated from this device can be supplied to public facilities along the railway and also to remote areas where electricity has not yet reached. The T-box How much power can the T- Box generate? A train moving at 125mph would gener ate a wind speed equivalent to 50 feet/ second. Wind blowing with such speed will let a normal wind power generator harness about 3500W of power. If a train is about 656 feet long, running at the pace of 187mph, and it moves along a 0. 2 mile railway track in about 18 seconds, the power generated in this small period by the T- boxes laid on the tracks will be 2. 6KW. Qian and Luparini estimate that about 1 50 T-box devices could be accomodated along a 0. 62 mile railway track. Installation of the T- box To fit the T- box on the tracks, some work has to be done on them: Firstly, concaves have to be constructed in cement between each of two sleepers Two brackets then ave to be placed on two sides of the concaves The brackets have to be examined to ensure that they are well fixed The T-box is then set upon the maneuvered tracks Installed T- boxes Is the T-box eco friendly?The T- box has so far been considered quite environmentally friendly. The T- box does not produce any harmful chemi cals nor has it been proven to have any other side effects thus far. Anticipated problems Keeping the T- box devices clean can pose great problem. As the train passes, quite a bit of dirt and debris will be kicked up, and will land on the upper surface of the T- ox. Also, grease and grime deposits escaping from underneath will contribute to contaminating the device.Future of the T- box As the hunger tor alternative torms ot energy continues, the T-box nas generated hope. This device presents a new generation of wind power generators, and has created quite a sensation among techno buffs. However, it is important to remember that the design is still in the conceptual stage and has not taken into account all of the preservation and maintenance issues that are likely to pose a problem in any future use of this device.

Research method critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research method critique - Essay Example Qualitative as well as quantitative research methodologies are regarded as two distinct approaches that need to interpret differently. In this regard, qualitative research is defined as an approach of exploring various issues, analysing facts, comprehending phenomena and responding to any question. Conversely, quantitative research is based on collecting data by undergoing through numerous statistical reports and other relevant data (Creswell, 2013). According to Nursing & Midwifery Council (NMC) Code of Conduct 2015, nursing research is regarded as the approach of enhancing public protection by ensuring the nurses as well as the midwives to remain fit into the practice in their respective careers. Specially mentioning, the importance of evidence-based practice with reference to NMC Code of Conduct 2015 lay in offering quality treatments as well as care to the patients by accessing valuable information and also considering past evidences or records regarding the above stated context (Nursing Times, 2014). The elements relating to robustness of the research fundamentally entail statement of the phenomenon, literature review, theoretical framework and ethical considerations among others (Ryan & et. al., 2007). Research work in medical field is executed from long course of time. The research work conducted by Lee (2013) focused upon generating greater level of awareness about good hygiene practices amid the nursing students. The research highlighted hands’ decontamination and usage of gloves as the better prevention measure for cross infection (Gray & et. al., 2013). The research work of Lee (2013) reveals about the decision-making procedure, which is used to evaluate the risks involved with nurses and other medical practitioners. Another aspect of Lee’s research is identified to make decisions as to when, where and how infections could be prevented by the nurses

Examine the distinguishing features of HRM in Europe Essay

Examine the distinguishing features of HRM in Europe - Essay Example Cray& Mallory (1998) say it was a reaction against the more functional approach embodied in personnel management. Relative to this phenomenon is another growing trend which is globalization. Organizations and businesses have become global as a result of technological innovations, and the introduction of more development in communications and transportation. The internet and information technology have revolutionized the way organizations and businesses work. Globalization is not new. This has been with the world business and economy since the centuries after Columbus and da Gama started their voyages from the Mediterranean. Globalisation has revolutionized businesses and organisations. A commonly accepted definition of globalization by economists, says Van Der Bly (2005, p. 875), is that it is the â€Å"international economic integration that can be pursued through policies of ‘openness’, the liberalization of trade, investment and finance, leading to an ‘open economy.† The importance of borders between different countries is reduced, and similar events and phenomena in countries throughout the world are more easily linked. 1.) HRM is now considered the determinant factor in the success or failure in international business (Black et al., 1999, cited in Scullion & Paauwe, 2004), and also the success of global business depends most importantly on the quality of management in the MNC (Stroh and Caligiuri, 1998, cited in Scullion & Paauwe, 2004); â€Å"HRM emphasizes that employees are critical to achieving sustainable competitive advantage; that human resources practices need to be integrated with the corporate strategy, and that human resource specialists help organizational controllers to meet both efficiency and equity objectives† (Bratton, 1999, p. 11). One of the first explicit statements of the HRM concept was made by the Michigan School (Fombrun et al, 1984, cited in Armstrong, 2006, p. 4), which held that HR systems and the organization

Imprisonment in Recent Financial Collapse Assignment - 1

Imprisonment in Recent Financial Collapse - Assignment Example The situation resulted in heightened joblessness and social insecurity. Restoration of financial strength required intervention by respective governments as in case of United States it was the Bush administration who responded with a financial relief program for major firms, â€Å"The Troubled Asset Relief Program, or TARP -- to provide these financial institutions with funds to survive the turmoil that they had helped unleash. It was a distasteful but necessary thing to do.† (Obama, 2010). Yes, the intellectual crime can be termed a serious crime and the response should be tried and imprisoned but only if it was a deliberate crime that can be attributed to an individual or a group. However, if it is not the case and there is no one to take the burden of this heavy odd to world economy then we have to revisit our approach to the issue. The best response to an intelligence failure is to redress it intellectually. Recovery from the recent financial crisis, no matter to what an extent we have recovered, is also featured through the help of the same experts, intellectuals, and firms. If masses were troubled due to the worst financial slum of the history they also owe to the efforts of the financial experts who find a way out to restore and regain the financial strength. Nevertheless, if some organizations or individuals who were supposed to protect the financial integrity and economic structure and they could not meet the expectations can be interrogated for their failure to avoid any such mistakes in the future. Even then if some segments find it indispensable, a mechanism of penalty can be designed to intensify the sentence. That is what the American president has uttered a year ago while imposing a Financial Crisis Responsibility Fee, â€Å"And that is why, through this fee and broader reforms that we seek, our goal is not to punish Wall Street firms, but rather to prevent the abuse and excess that nearly caused the collapse of many of these firms and the financial system itself.† (Obama, 2010).

Team project based on a case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Team project based on a case - Assignment Example This is because china a growing economy, creating a higher demand. After subsequent years of iron ore production, the company started exporting its products to china and eventually to other parts of Asia. In 2010, the company announced its major plans to triple its production. This lead to expansion of a massive railway line to access to other mining sites and also an extension of the port1. Then mining started officially in 2014. Among the new plants which were opened were; Solomon hub, and Christmas creek. This leads to the development of infrastructure in the region. A way of handling these weaknesses and threats is by making sure that the company capitalizes on its opportunities. This is by recruiting committed and experienced personell and making sure that their offices are not many. These will ensure that Frotesque metal group limited deals with the rivalry in this competitive industry. Fortesque metal group limited is located in the rich iron ore area of pilbara in western Australia. This area has a close proximity to asia and more so india2. A decade over since its establishment, fortesque has undergone a tremendous growth in the mining of iron ore. It was formed around the kitchen table of its chairman Andrew Forrest. The company immediately began to explore the rich pilbara regions3. Identifying mines and mining them. Construction began at the first mine at cloud break. This is the Frotescues first mine site and it produces more than forty million tons of iron ore in a year. Due to the horizontal nature of this mine site, there is need to use new methods in mining the ore. After mining is done the mineral is crushed, screened and processed, then transported to the port. A lot of business firms with an objective of achieving a competitive advantage for giant firms in the industry need to regularly analyze all the aspects of the company’s operations and the stratagems. This is the only single method that the company has a chance

Nutrition 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nutrition 3 - Essay Example In comparison to breakfast, the dinner consists of the 240 calories, 144 fat calories, 72 fat calories, 4 units of the protein. The total addition of the snacks contributed numerous more calories (716.5) 246 fat calorie 110.4 calorie of the sat fat 17.6 gram of protein compared to the sum of the dinner calorific intake. It is notable that control of the feeding habits especially for the consumption of snacks. The gaining of the excess weight is likely to result from the snack consumption as compared to the general consumption in breakfast and dinner times. On day two of the analysis , the lunch consisted of the coffee , brewed water tap which is 8 Oz 2.4 calorie, 0.4 fat calorie, 0n sat fat and null protein. In the same mode, I consumed muffin , lemon poppy seed which transpires into 390 calorie , 180 fat calorie and 18 sat fat. The second day had total consumption of 2040.7 calories, 882.6 fat calorie, 308.2 sat fat and 113.2 grams of protein. As compared to the other days the second day had a lot of calorie intake as compared to the other food intakes. On third day the total consumption of the day was 1831.3 of calorie, 614.7 fat calorie and 362.7 sat fat calorie and the total protein intake amounted to 37.3 grams. On fourth day, consumption of calories amounted to 1911.6, 711 fat calorie, 317.7 sat fat calorie and consumption of 61.3 grams of proteins. The analysis of the total four day food consumption indicates relatively high amount of intake of the calories averaging close to 2000 but relatively low amount intake of fat calorie and sat fat calorie, however the consumption of the snack is the greatest contributor of the calorie intake. The actual calorie intake is 1911.63 while the recommended calorie intake is 2713.14. This falls nearly to the 70% of the recommended calorie intake. The consumption of the calorie from intake is virtually sufficient reading close to

Vincent Van Gogh at the National Gallery of Art Essay

Vincent Van Gogh at the National Gallery of Art - Essay Example Reproductions of his work appear on posters, calendars, mouse pads, and other widespread consumer items. His influence was especially strong on the French Fauvists and German Expressionists immediately following his death. Even those works not immediately known today are quickly recognized by his unique style and approach, yet Van Gogh himself saw little of this success or popularity while he was alive. No publications can be found discussing his work while he was alive and only a few mentions of him, mostly negative, are found before 1910. However, paintings such as Wheatfield with Cypress reveal a great deal of the artist’s approach and emotion as well as the various ways in which he revolutionized the art world. Wheatfield with Cypress is an example of Van Gogh’s work while he was a resident at Saint-Remy hospital for the mentally unstable. It is a member of a series of paintings in which Van Gogh explored an image or a theme. Whether it was this painting or another one of the series, he wrote to his brother Theo that the trees â€Å"are always occupying my thoughts, I should like to make something of them like the canvases of the sunflowers, because it astonishes me that they have not yet been done as I see them. The tree is as beautiful of line and proportion as an Egyptian obelisk. And the green has a quality of such distinction. It is a splash of black in a sunny landscape, but it is one of the most interesting black notes, and the most difficult to hit off exactly that I can imagine† (cited in Wallace, 1969: 144). His fascination with the trees themselves as well as their contribution to the landscape overall is evident within this painting. The image depicts an initially confusing scene. The brightly lit landscape is covered by a swirling mass of clouds in a sky that seems eternally blue. The scene depicts a golden wheatfield not far from the hospital in which Van Gogh stayed in southern France.

Puberty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Puberty - Essay Example Social awkwardness occurs naturally if a teen girl develops breasts before the rest of her girl friends her age, or if a teen boy develops hoarse voice earlier than the other boys his age. This could affect their self-esteems as well, thus presenting a social impact. The article â€Å"Childhood Sexuality: An Interpersonal –Intrapsychic Integration† by Singer presents two implications on the society by early sexual maturation. First, childhood sexuality lays the foundations for adult sexual pleasures. This means that if a teen girl or a teen boy reaches the age of puberty earlier than the accepted age, this would lead to an earlier advance to adult sexual relationships that can heavily impact the society in a somewhat negative manner. In fact, it can even imbalance the society in a way that would be seriously distressing for the parents of children who sexually mature earlier than necessary. Second, as the level of psychological development is also decreasing with the de creasing age of puberty, the child can get over-stimulated even on brief display of public affection. This occurs in part due to their immature ego because they naturally have not had enough time for the proper development of their self-regulatory and defensive senses owing to earlier age of puberty.

Case study Analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis - Case Study Example In order to achieve this, the board members should be freely elected by the shareholders on the basis of their experience and competencies. 2.Tim Harrington’s efforts to manage the board of directors and investors are worthless given that he has no influence over them. In the first place, he does not want any interference from them which puts him in a difficult corner. He may not be able to influence their decisions since there is a division that already exist the two. Tim is hard headed since he thinks that he can make decisions without the input of the members of the board which is quite impossible. The management should have reviewed the business strategy to see if it can turn around the fortunes of the company by venturing into another lucrative form of business. Tim’s view of â€Å"better to ask for forgiveness than beg for permission shows that he has pride. He thinks he is above the situation in all respects in the company. He thinks that he cannot seek for permission from the board to implement certain decisions which is not supposed to be the case. 3. The venture capital decision is favourable to the people who belong to the group since it reflects their interests. Being the major shareholders in the company, selling the company is a viable strategy that can prevent loses in the long run since the financial crisis witnessed is unpredictable. In most cases, the factors obtaining on the ground in the real economic situation are beyond the control of many organizations. When there have been signs of bad things to come, it would be wise to dispose the company while there is still time. This can help to salvage the money invested in the company. ________________________________________________________________ The board of directors in a public company should be composed of independent people who have interests of the company and the other shareholders at heart. People with direct interests in

Pakistan Today Essay Example for Free

Pakistan Today Essay Pakistan has faced many problems ever since it came into existence. 63 years have been passed and the situation is getting worse day by day. Today Pakistan is facing all kinds of problems e.g. Inflation, Illiteracy, Unemployment, Corruption, Feudalism, Terrorism, Natural Disasters. Before the water goes over the head, it’s the time that the youth of Pakistan stands and plays their role in development of the country which we got after many sacrifices. The bud of nation’s future finds a fragrant blooming in the hands of its youth. It’s the time of culmination when the youth must realize and individually shoulder the responsibility of resuscitation of Pakistan in every aspect viz. social, economical, political, administrative etc. Development of a strong nation demands youth possessing steely will power, mighty determination and tremendous grit. For this the youth itself must be fully sound and armor itself with all essential qualities so that modern Pakistan sees its unprecedented growth and development by skilled finishers. Youth are the real sculptors of the nation. What is actually required in the present scenario is to unleash the immense latent patriotism and chauvinism among youth, which will lit the fire of responsibility and will dedicatedly involve them in the upliftment of the nation. Albert Einstein once said,†Problem cannot be solved by the level of thinking that created them†. So in order to eradicate these crux youth with double toughness are required. The main motto of the youth should be† to nip the evil in the bud†. Our political system is governed by desperados, hooligans and such miscreants of society who have attired themselves in the robes that present them as the saviors of the nation. Infact they are eating away the nation like worms slowly and gradually. Criminalization of the politics has infact obfuscated the image of fair play in government. So this is now a â€Å"Wake up Call†, for the youth of the Pakistan to wake, rise and move ahead and prove their hegemony over such corrupt leaders and take the command into their hands to run the government. Only few selected families are always elected in the government. Read more:  Pakistan Political System Pakistan has never seen any ‘common man’ to rule the country e.g. Prime Minister of President. It has always been the feudal lords or big industrialists running the show. According to me the blame goes on the public. In the previous elections, out of the population of 17 crores, less than 2 crore people voted. It’s unfortunate but the youth of Pakistan doesn’t take part in voting. This is one of the prime reasons that feudal lords are ruling our country, emptying the national treasure and increasing their bank balances. I am sure if we all go to vote in the elections then we would be able to elect the most deserving candidate. This could assure that are country is in the right hands. The most important problem of Pakistan is education. People are not aware what is good for them and what is not. There aren’t any schools in rural areas which are providing good quality education. Unfortunately in Pakistan, only those are getting education who can afford it. It’s the responsibility of the youth to create awareness about the importance of education. In rural areas people are not willing to send their sons/daughters to acquire knowledge. This is one of the prime reason that Pakistan is lagging behind other countries. We, the youth of Pakistan should take this responsibility in spreading the awareness. We could help directly by constructing schools providing free education or by teaching voluntarily. People are not willing to invest in our country. It is just because of the negative image created about our country. This is affecting our economy. Our exports have decreased, no new jobs are been created, no roads are being built. the tourism industry of Pakistan has just nearly finished. I think it’s the responsibility of the Pakistani youth to correct the image of Pakistan in the international arena and attract investment. We can do so by showing the positive side of the Pakistan and achievements of Pakistanis. I believe that if we could all be responsible enough and bring a change in ourselves then it could do wonders for our country. We always wait for the government to take some action. If we all fulfill our responsibilities and duties honestly than I believe no one could stop Pakistan from being a developed country. If all the people just clean the area outside their homes and plant trees than whole Pakistan could become clean and green. â€Å"Little drops make great oceans†. We should obey all the rules and laws of our country. Lets pledge that we won’t throw any rubbish on the streets, never break a traffic signal, never give bribe, achieve things on merit rather taking shortcuts. Above all we should realize that we all are Pakistanis. We should stop all the grouping and discrimination on basis of language, place, color, and culture. Events and activities should be organized to promote brotherhood. People should realize that in the eyes of Allah all people are same. The communities should help each other whenever required. We should send a message to the entire world how united we are. It’s time that we should stop fantasicing about other countries and cultures and instead be proud to be a Pakistani. Learn to respect Pakistani leaders, cultures, languages, talents etc. It’s the time that we should value our talents and resources. We, the youth of Pakistan are the future of tomorrow. It’s our responsibility to take Pakistan out of this crisis. It’s high time that we should stand up for our country before it’s too late. For us the founder of Pakistan, Quaid-e-Azam said â€Å"Pakistan is proud of her youth who are the nation builders of tomorrow†. Pakistan is the best country in the world; we know it, now let the world also know it.