Why women should not be able to work in Law enforcement Essay

Why women should not be able to work in Law enforcement - Essay Example There are many colleges and universities in united state that are promoting the studies of law enforcement and related diplomas and degrees by indicating it as the best future job in the form of law enforcement and homeland security. As a result of such campaign, many people are attracting toward this profession including women too. The career of women in law enforcement is possible. It is the need of the hour to register more women as the law enforcers. The crime rate of women is rising high every day and drugs related matters have become the sole issue for the women to see the prison. Due to the drug law violation, federal prisons have more than 72% women prisoners and in state prisons, 31% of women are guilty of the crime. I in research of amnesty international USA, they have mentioned those in federal women’s correlation facilities, 70% of guards are male for serving female. All these statistics showed that there is a high need of female candidates in the law enforcement d epartment. Anyone who is interested must have an idea about the background of the law enforcement tasks and must have courage to face the people who don’t consider women as equal fellows. Since ancient times, several cultures and different beliefs have shaped the society and determined the roles and duties of women as different as men. In general way, women are considered as weak gender and therefore, their jobs are only associated with family, children and home. On the contrast, men are considered as strong gender and assigned the powerful positions not just in home but also at the place of work. With time, when women earned the equal rights, several opportunities arrived for women in different sectors of the society. One such example of the women opportunity place is affirmative action. With this, the never ending dispute of male and female position initiated. In this world, every person has its own concept and viewpoint regarding male and female workers. Many people believ e that women are not appropriate for jobs they select to work for. They feel that women are incapable of performing several tasks including the law enforcement jobs. There are few people who are against the women working for the homeland security and they consider home as their place of work. Moreover, there are others who say women and law enforcement are two separate entities. Since 150 years ago, the shifting of women towards the law enforcement took place. From that period, women are not free from the barriers like discrimination in jobs, sexual harassment, inappropriate treatment, low salary and double standards towards them. The job of law enforcement is known to be as the male dominated sector. Therefore, this sector has shown very slow pace in grabbing the women to the posts. The law enforcement task is male dominated due to the reason that this job needs power and strength that makes the women inappropriate for the job because they lack both. Women are known to be as physic ally and mentally incapable to handle the job. The same concept is very much in the today’s world of law enforcement departments and agencies. During the period of 1972, the Supreme Court passed the legislation recognized as Civil Rights Act, Title VII and according to this; all the agencies will be liable for lawsuit in case of any discrimination against the women qualified for the post (Stephens 500). With the help of several lawsuits and court orders regarding the problem, the agencies were forced to hire the women who are qualified for the job. However, there were many agencies of law enforcement that didn’t obey the rules and took all the steps to avoid the qualified women to get the post. The practice of the Supreme Court was halted in 1977. In

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Assignment Example Community health care can be defined as the overall healthcare provision service that is formulated to deliver health care services to the homesteads. It is a decentralized avenue of taking the services to the lowest level of households. It ensures healthcare services accessibility to the marginalized, coronary illness victims and generally reaches to the disadvantaged at the ground level. It is designed to help people live as independent as possible within the confines of their homes and communities. The trends of interconnectedness in global practices have led to sharing of positive effects as well as negative effects as regards to the various health care systems. On the positives, globalization has led to the easy spread of favorable healthcare practices at all the care systems from one country to another. However, infectious diseases are easily spread within the era of globalization through easy travelling from one place to another. In my own opinion, improvements in the health c are systems notable within the US can be attributed highly to globalization. This is because there is easy movement in technology and improvements. However, globalization has also adversely affected the health sector in that there is a high rate of new infections due to easy movement. Health care teams have noted effects on the ever increasing numbers of immigrant nurses. Despite the great need for nursing services within many countries, the mass movement of nurses towards the other countries especially the developed countries has been disturbing. Much of the concern is due to the increased competition which in turn leads to strain in resources within the management teams in catering to the rising costs to maintain these immigrants. Moreover, the management teams may find it hard to effectively handling the ever-growing number of these immigrants. Though cultural diversity may be interpreted in different perspective, the challenges that accompany it are widely spoken of. Majorly, ma nagement practices vary due to the reasons of the varying cultural practices as well as believe. Moreover, interpersonal relations may be affected by the cultural lineages. Organizational management as well as better communication strategies is among other effective strategies that the nurse leaders within culturally diverse working group may use to ascertain effectiveness in their roles (Contino, 2004, 1-2 of 11). Through proper organization, the diversity in cultural orientation would be positively interpreted for the sake of productivity. Moreover, efficiency in communication would bring cohesion within the nursing fraternity and hence success in management. As a nurse, the future success in the profession requires certain professional as well as personal attributes through which the effectiveness of a nurse is analyzed. Nursing is a profession and as many other professional careers are, they are guided by set values, ethics and regulations for work. Moreover, personal attributes are very basic for the personal effectiveness as a nurse. Among the strengths that would drive me towards realizing competency in the field of nursing are the basic professional values which are globally biding. Nevertheless, some of these values and traits are human developed and as such requires personal efforts to cultivate. The self attributes of compassion, empathy, self awareness, selflessness as well as knowledge-ability equally befits me for a successful nursing career in the future. Image

Managing Business Ethics Effectively Management Essay

Managing Business Ethics Effectively Management Essay The main purpose of my paper is to explore ways to manage business ethics effectively. To achieve this, first of all, I reviewed the concepts and importance of business ethics together with its components, such as corporate ethics codes and corporate social responsibility. Next, I revealed five ways to manage business ethics efficiently. Based on these suggested ways, I recommended four practical actions for managers to have good management skills in this field. These recommendations are setting up an effective corporate ethics code, acting and behaving ethically in any circumstances, setting up rules and regulations, and advancing CSR in a very wise way. My paper concludes with two issues for future researchers. These issues are whether corporations need a business ethics manager or specialist and how companies motivate their employees to act ethically. Managing Business Ethics Effectively Business ethics was such a new concept that not many people were concerned about it (Garone, 1994; Mitchell, 2003). Things have changed over the time, and now business ethics plays a very important role in doing business (Garone, 1994; Mitchell, 2003). The need to manage business ethics becomes essential. In addition, not all cases related to business ethics management are successful (Cooper Nakabayashi, 2010; Garone, 1994; Pedersen, 2006). Therefore, how to manage it effectively is very important to managers. My research paper helps to answer this question above. Before addressing ways to help business people manage business ethics effectively, the research describes the literature framework and importance of business ethics together with its components, such as corporate ethics codes and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Next, five ways to manage business ethics effectively are listed: building an effective corporate ethics code (Mitchell, 2003), improving codes of ethics to change behavior (Buckhoff Wilson, 2008; Lere Gaumnitz, 2007), protecting against deception (Adler, 2007), making an ethical program work (Grace Haupert, 2006), and advancing CSR (Porter Kramer, 2006). The remaining part of the research reveals my four recommendations and two questions for future researchers. A final part summarizes all of the above. Review Section Brief History Garone (1994) stated that It is not difficult to remember when the concept of business ethics was a novelty to most people. It was taken largely for granted by business executives and it attracted little public attention (p. 9). Not many people were concerned much about business ethics. In addition, according to Mitchell (2003), there were many CEOs who focused on taking care of their own individual importance rather than their corporations functioning and profit. Apparently, these presented above show us that business people were not fully aware of or ignored the significance of business ethics. However, things have changed over the time, and ethics has recently played an important role in doing business (Garone, 1994). Moreover, corporations of all sizes, especially multinationals, are more attuned to the bottom-line value of being a good corporate citizen and playing by the rules, and individual business people are seeking to do what is right rather than anything to close the deal' (Mitchell, 2003, p. 2). In other words, most business people have changed their minds and attitudes towards business ethics because they have figured out the close relationship between being ethical in doing business and achieving profitable goals in operating their companies. Although business ethics is already considered to be significant these days and corporations ethical standards and morals have been set to manage it, not all the cases are successful. For example, the NYNEX Corporation confronted an ethical dispute for many years (Garone, 1994); Chinese corruption is so popular all over the world that many foreign companies with operations in China have to find ways to deal with this phenomenon (Pedersen, 2006); the scandal of melamine in milk in China revealed the unethical aspects in doing business (DeLaurentis, 2009); additionally, the U.S. and Japanese life insurance markets faced up to serious ethical turmoil in the marketing and management of insurance products, resulting in an erosion of public trust in the industry (Cooper Nakabayashi, 2010, p. 64). From these cases presented above, the significance to know how to manage business ethics effectively is really needed. Literature Review Before figuring out the ways to do this, let us have more understanding about what business ethics is: Business ethics defines how a company integrates its core values such as honesty, trust, respect and fairness into its policies, practices and decision-making. Business ethics, of course, also involves a companys compliance with legal standards and adherence to internal rules and regulations. As recently as decade ago, business ethics consisted primarily of compliance-based, legally-driven codes and training that outlined in detail what employees could or could not do in regard to areas such as conflict of interest or improper use of company assets. (Mitchell, 2003, p. 9) As what we have seen in the definition above, honesty, trust, respect and fairness are considered to be very important values to the company. They can be called the spine of formulating business ethics. In addition, the companys rules and regulations must be set to manage business ethics. Without rules and regulations, the company has almost nothing to follow and distinguish what goes right and what goes wrong in case of something related to business ethics happens. More importantly, the code of ethics also plays an important role in letting business people know what they should or should not do. Understanding the concept of business ethics, now we move to its significance in the business world. Epstein (2007) said that ethics contributed to ever-escalating standards for corporate performance (p. 217). In relation to this matter, Mitchell (2003) stated the following: More and more corporations see business ethics as a bottom-line issue not an optional one of morality. The acceptance of ethics as contributing to corporate operating profits or losses means they are receiving unprecedented attention. It is for this reason that behaving ethically and responsibly may be the wave of the future, if only because the right thing to do can also be the profitable thing to do. (Mitchell, 2003, p. 2) From this point, we can see that companies did not pay much attention to business ethics before. Many companies perceived that it seemed to be not a necessary part in running a company. An optional one of morality (Mitchell, 2003, p. 2) means that corporations so far did not care of business ethics at all, or they only thought of or concerned themselves about it whenever they like. However, things have changed, and the world of business has been changing, too. Corporations now have the ability to figure out the significance of business ethics. Even more, they are aware of the connection between business ethics and their bottom line. Corporations have to admit that there is a relationship between the two listed above, so Mitchell (2003) pointed out that the right thing to do can also be the profitable thing to do (p. 2). Let us move on to the code of ethics that is included in the definition of business ethics (Mitchell, 2003). Kitson (1996), Blodgett and Carlson (1997), Moyes and Park (1997), Hume, Larkins, and Iyer (1999), and Schwartz (2001) defined codes of ethics as tools that are commonly used as one of the efforts to encourage ethical behavior, and pointed out there may be a great deal of room for improvement of existing codes (as cited in Lere Gaumnitz, 2007, p. 7). Moreover, Frankel (1989) lists the following potential reasons for the existence of codes of ethics: 1) provide group guidance for an individual when that individual faces a novel situation, 2) provide a basis for public expectations and evaluation of the organization, 3) strengthen the sense of common purpose among members of the organization, 4) enhance the organizations reputation and public trust, 5) preserve entrenched organizational biases, 6) create an environment in which reporting unethical behavior is affirmed, 7) provide support for individuals when faced with pressures to behave in an unethical manner, and 8) serve as a basis for adjudicating disputes among members of the organization and between members and non-members. (as cited in Lere Gaumnitz, 2007, pp. 15-16) Apparently, without a specific tool to evaluate and motivate ethical behavior, corporations find themselves hard to let their staffs and employees follow the right way or avoid the wrong one. And the code of ethics helps them to do that. Personally, I agree with the reasons why companies have to have their code of ethics like what Frankel (1989) listed above (as cited in Lere Gaumnitz, 2007, pp. 15-16). When business people come up with any new circumstances that they have to make a decision but they do not know how to do it and what guides to follow, their companys code of ethics lightens up their mind. Thanks to the code of ethics, the staffs and employees can overcome the pressure of perceiving what they should do to follow the ethical standards and keeping off the unethical ones. Generally, the code of ethics is like a basis for companies to formulate their rules or regulations to orient themselves and their personnel. Another aspect of business ethics is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which is considered to be very important to build a companys reputation (Porter Kramer, 2006). Prieto-Carrà ³n, Thomsen, Chan, Muro, and Bhushan (2006) specified CSR as a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis (p. 978). Furthermore, Prieto-Carrà ³n et al. (2006) also perceived CSR as an umbrella term for a variety of theories and practices all of which recognize the following: (a) that companies have a responsibility for their impact on society and the natural environment, sometimes beyond legal compliance and the liability of individuals; (b) that companies have a responsibility for the behavior of others with whom they do business (e.g. within supply chains); and that (c) business needs to manage its relationship with wider society, whether for reasons of commercial viability, or to add value to society. (Prieto-Carrà ³n et al., 2006, p. 978) These definitions cited above show us that companies and societies do have a close relationship with each other. Chung, Eichenseher, and Taniguchi (2008) stated that businesses have a social responsibility beyond making profits (p. 131). Providing more detail, Davies (2003) points out that corporate responsibility is a pact for mutual benefit between society that needs business for economic and social development, and business that needs a supportive business environment (as cited in Gugler Shi, 2009, p. 5). Sharing the same thoughts, Mitchell (2003) affirmed an interesting point that the more common view today is that societies can and do have the right to expect business to function at certain levels of ethical standards (p. 10). Furthermore, Mitchell (2003) emphasized the following: With large mergers and the development of new markets around the world, major corporations now wield more economic and political power than the governments under which they operate. In response, public pressure has increased for business to take on more social responsibility and operate according to higher ethical standards. (Mitchell, 2003, p. 10) To me, I consider this matter as a fair one because this is a two-way benefit: the societies create markets for corporations to trade their goods and services to earn profit, survive, and develop, so in exchange, the companies have to do something good and beneficial for their societies. We cannot say it is a must for companies to do that, but they themselves have to be aware of CSR as a fair and good tendency to stick with. I like the way Mitchell (2003) used the phrase in response (p. 10) as presented above because it completely tells us that this is really a two-way relationship between corporations and societies. We usually call business people who have contributions to their society philanthropists, but more significantly, when they do something good for the societies, they also show their responsibility and obligation to appreciate what the society gives them. After understanding the basic elements and significance of business ethics, now we come to the ways to manage it effectively. Followings are five ways to do that: build an effective corporate ethics code (Mitchell, 2003), improve code of ethics to change behavior (Buckhoff Wilson, 2008; Lere Gaumnitz, 2007), protect against deception (Adler, 2007), make an ethical program work (Grace Haupert, 2006), and advance CSR (Porter Kramer, 2006). First, building an effective corporate ethics code must be taken into consideration because according to Mitchell (2003), not many companies have a written code of conducts and ethics although they have already known about the significance of corporate ethics (p. 90). For instance, seventy one per cent of companies in Australia and seventy per cent of companies in Japan do not have a written code of conducts and ethics (Mitchell, 2003). However, when recognizing that a code of ethics fulfills many purposes within an organization and in order to compete effectively, global companies must ensure that their ethics codes and codes of conduct are culturally coherent to all employees (Mitchell, 2003, p. 88). How might companies do this? Mitchell (2003) showed us the following interesting point: A corporate ethics code needs to be more than the rules of the road; it should include a statement of the companys core valuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Code of conduct must provide clear direction about ethical behavior when the temptation to behave unethically is strongestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In a nutshell, the code should be: Easy to read Practical and relevant for each business or geographic market Sufficient but not excessive in detail Well written and accessible in tone (Mitchell, 2003, pp. 94-95) According to what I am thinking, what Mitchell stated looks like a magnetic needle, a very clear way, to build an effective corporate ethics code. More significantly, it was emphasized that corporate ethics codes have to be clear so everyone, even in the smallest unit of a company, can understand and follow. This is logical because if a company sets up an ethics code that sounds very well and interesting but is ill-defined, not everyone can understand its basis and what to do. In this point I think, the set code of ethics is useless and has no meaning, and even more seriously, it can make business people confused. Second, we can manage business ethics effectively by improving codes of ethics to change behavior. In detail, when we talk about changing behavior, we would like to mention about changing perception, which is formally described as changing the decision makers beliefs (subjective probability distribution) as to whether an action is ethical (Lere Gaumnitz, 2007, p. 9). In general, the purpose of improving codes of ethics to change behavior can be achieved by careful (1) selection of code content and (2) design of enforcement mechanisms (Lere Gaumnitz, 2007, p. 7). Personally, I want to focus more on designing enforcement mechanisms: An organization choosing to have an enforcement provision in its code of ethics is providing additional incentives (disincentives) to encourage (discourage) selection of certain actions. Although enforcement mechanisms can provide both incentives and disincentives, they seem to generally rely on penalties imposed when an unethical action is takenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Two ways the organization can increase the expected value of the penalty are to increase 1) the size of the penalty and 2) the probability that the penalty will be borne. (Lere Gaumnitz, 2007, p. 12) Sharing the same idea above, Buckhoff and Wilson (2008) said that the costs of dishonesty must exceed the benefits derived from dishonest behavior, so people will think twice before doing it (Buckhoff Wilson, 2008, p. 55). In this point, I want to analyze the reason why corporations should have something that we call enforcement mechanism, or more specifically, penalty (Lere Gaumnitz, 2007, p. 12). First, human beings are very diversified. We have many different kinds of people, including good and bad ones. Second, different kinds of people have different behaviors when faced with a particular issue. For example, in a travel agent, a tour guide can perceive that he deserves to receive tips from his customer because he has taken a good care of the customer. On the contrary, the agents board of management can perceive this differently that taking good care of customers is the tour guides responsibility and vocational ethics, and of course he has to follow that. Here the problem appears, or we can say, this makes the related people confused. Therefore, if the agents board of management wants every tour guide not to receive any tips from customers, they have to set regulations to let the tour guides know that. This is a must, but it is not enough. Together with the regulations, the management board has to impose a penalty on their tour guides who receive tips from their customers. The penalties can be eliminating ten per cent of monthly wage, three days off, or five percent of yearly bonus. To me, I believe that such kinds of penalty can let all tour guides think more seriously and carefully before receiving any tips or presents from their customers. On the whole, when we see this in a big picture, we can be aware that business people will be discouraged to do something violating ethical principles thanks to thinking of penalties they would suffer. Third, managing business ethics effectively can also be achieved by protecting against deception (Alder, 2007). Nowadays, we are living and working in an informative technology period of time, so we know for sure that information plays a very important role in doing business, especially making decisions. However, wrong information can be approached by business people because of deception, such as telling lies. Unfortunately, one of the enduring truths about human beings is that we lie frequently and often quite casuallyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Lying is a central aspect of human behavior (Adler, 2007, p. 69). There is a fact that according to the most conservative estimates of human resource managers, 25% of all rà ©sumà ©s contain significant lies (Adler, 2007, p. 69). Especially, lying is extremely pervasive in the negotiation process. According to Adler (2007), although we do not have any perfect tool to protect ourselves completely from this pervasive phenomenon, we can greatly minimize the risk of lies in bargaining through a series of steps designed either to expose lies and liars before negotiations begin or to provide protection from lies (p. 71). For example, before negotiations begin, preparation is particularly critical when facing opponents for the first time and the stakes are high, and this preparation can be researching the other sides character and bona fides, and participating scenarios that might play out in the negotiation (Adler, 2007, p. 71). How about during the negotiation process? Adler (2007) advised us eight ways to detect lies. In person, I pay attention to ask questions in different ways, take notes during negotiations, and trust but verify (Adler, 2007, pp. 72-73). The reasons I want to raise this issue are that the negotiation process is usually a part of doing business, and telling lies is considered to be violating business ethics. An ethical negotiator or an ethical business person participating in a negotiation process cannot allow himself/herself to tell lies to provide inexact information only in order to achieve his/her personal goals. As I have mentioned above, the phenomenon of telling lies happens often. Moreover, according to my own experience in the negotiating environment, I recognize that we should have some tips, or ways, to protect ourselves from deception. And thanks to the advice above, I have the opportunity to pay more attention to preparation and in negotiation process. Here, I want to generalize this issue, or I want us to see this issue in a big picture. That is, when we want to protect ourselves from deception in doing business, it is a must that we have good preparation and skills to reveal deception. First, good preparation in thinking of everything that can happen, checking our business partners before cooperating with them, and investing in ways or solutions to deal with any problems can help us be more confident. Second, skills in revealing deception need to be learned and practiced more often so that no one can tell us a lie or cheat us in doing business. Next, let us move on to the fourth way to manage business ethics effectively. That is, making our ethical program works (Grace Haupert, 2006). There is a framework called ESD that encourages everyone to work ethically, supports those inclined to work ethically, and deters those who may be tempted to veer from the path of ethical behavior (Grace Haupert, 2006, p. 66). Or, we can say that the ESD program is a combination of encouraging, supporting, and deterring. Three conditions are needed to run this program. First of all, a risk profile needs to be set up. Risk profile is developed by public accountants, internal auditors, risk-management and legal staff, and perhaps outside help from consultants and error-and-omissions carriersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ once the risk profile is created, checks and balances to mitigate these risks can be developed (Grace Haupert, 2006, p. 67). Then, the board of management needs to be a mirror for every staff can look at and follow: management must follow t he lead of the board by acting ethically and insisting that the staff do the same (Grace Haupert, 2006, p. 67). Last, staff must also have confidence that management will fully support those who report malfeasance by others, including their superiors (Grace Haupert, 2006, p. 67). As we can see in the ESD program above, all important criteria are listed. Personally, I have a high evaluation of this program. Let me tell you the reasons why. This program emphasizes preparation and checks. The preparation appears at the risk profile. It requires top management to think of every kinds of risk that can happen to their corporations. Only when they are aware of these kinds of risk, they can have strategies to deal with and check what is going on in this process. Moreover, the program points out a perception that if top management wants everybody in their company to follow the rules not to violate business ethics, first of all, managers have to do that. They have to be a bright mirror for everybody in the corporation to look at and follow what they are doing to protect and practice business ethics. This is an important point to me. Furthermore, this ESD program creates a two-way close relationship between top management and staffs. Let the staffs have a chance to talk , to raise their voice, and to announce what is going wrong to their top management. This is very beneficial for a corporation to know what is happening inside the company and inside every staff members mind. Thanks to these kinds of open talks and discussions, corporations can be aware of what to do to keep business ethics running in a good way. The last in the five ways to manage business ethics effectively is advancing CSR (Porter et al., 2006). The interesting point is that Corporations are not responsible for all the worlds problems, nor do they have the resources to solve them all. Each company can identify the particular set of societal problems that it is best equipped to help resolve and from which it can gain the greatest competitive benefit. (Porter Kramer, 2006, p. 92) The idea is interesting, and I myself share the point of view of Porter and Kramer (2006). Corporations are not completely social philanthropists, so they do not have to worry about or take care of all social concerns, problems, or requirements. Perceiving that doing something good for the society that companies are running in is also doing something good for the companies, top management can choose some social issues only and take care of them. Focusing like this is enough, and this will help corporations have enough time and resources to deal with many other issues. What is presented above shows us that there are copious ways to help improve business ethics management. Thanks to these methods, top management can have a frame of what needs to be done to take care of business ethics. However, sometimes when standing in front of many ways like this, corporations boards of management find it hard to choose which one to follow. The followings are recommendations of some practical ways for managers to deal with managing business ethics more effectively. Recommendations Before giving recommendations, I want to sum up some significant points. So far, we have gone through what business ethics, code of ethics, and CSR mean and their importance to business people. In addition, we have figured out the close relationship between doing something good for business and doing something good for society. However, how can companies be successful in managing business ethics? This is a big question to those concerned with this issue. Being deeply aware of the significance of these elements, many scholars pointed out five ways to help manage business ethics efficiently. Among these methods presented above, personally, I feel interested in four practical ways that can help. First, managers have to set up an effective corporate ethics code. This recommendation comes from Mitchell (2003). How can we know if the corporate ethics code is effective or not? It is effective when written carefully, simple for everybody to understand, and applicable for every company member from top managers to staff to follow. Moreover, I want to add one more practical criterion: the corporate ethics code set has to be as detailed as possible. This set of code must include all ethical business aspects of a company, so it can be considered as a concession of all matters related to business ethics between all staff members and the company. Second, managers have to act and behave ethically in any circumstances. In this point, I base my opinion on and totally agree with Grace and Haupert (2006)s idea. When managers want their employees to go in the same ethical way in doing business, they have to be the first ones to do that. As I have mentioned before, top managers are considered to be bright mirrors that reflect their actions to their staffs to look at. We can easily imagine what would happen if the staff members always see their manager act and behave unethically, but the managers always ask for ethical behavior from their staffs. Apparently, the employees will perceive that it is very unfair for them to follow business ethics while their top managers do not. From this perception, the purpose of managing business ethics from top management cannot be reached. Third, managers have to set up rules and regulations to manage business ethics in a corporation. This recommendation is accumulated thanks to the ideas of Lere and Gaumnitz (2007) together with Buckhoff and Wilson (2008). Human beings are all different people, so some usually stick with behaving ethically, but the others may not. Therefore, how can managers follow up what is going on related to their actions without rules and regulations? The rules and regulations, in another way, are set to force everybody to follow ethical actions. Furthermore, I want to add my own idea and recommendation. When talking about rules and regulations, we are usually concerned about punishments, or penalties, to treat people when they break the rules or have unethical actions. This is a must, but not enough. I want to emphasize that if we have punishments, we also need to have awards. The awards are to encourage business people to act ethically all the time they are doing business, or we can say in anot her way, that the awards are set to add more motivation for business people to stick with business ethics. Managers should pay more attention to this. Finally, managers have to advance CSR in a very wise way. This recommendation comes from the ideas of Porter and Kramer (2006). Once again, corporations are apparently not social philanthropists. Hence, they will not have enough resources to concern themselves with every little aspect of society. Knowing the close relationship between doing something good for society and doing something good for corporations, managers have to select some, not all, social issues to work on. When they are concentrated like this, they will have enough time and resources to invest in making it run well. This is beneficial for both companies and society. These are my recommendations of four ways managers should manage business ethics more effectively. One more issue I want to mention in the following part is that after going through the researching process, I would love to raise two questions that we need to look at to advance business strategy knowledge related to this business ethics issue. The first one I want future researchers to take into consideration is the following: Do corporations need a business ethics manager or specialist? The one in this position will have the responsibility to take care of all the issues and problems that relate to business ethics. For example, he/she will set up business ethics codes, rules and regulations, strategies, and plans for CSR programs. The second question that I want future researchers to think of is this: How do companies motivate business people to stick with acting ethically? We did have research about penalties, but we are lacking research about awards and motivation to encourage busin ess people. I believe that having this knowledge of motivation, managers will be more confident to know how to encourage their employees to follow the corporations business ethics. Conclusion Unlike what happened in the past, business ethics now plays a very significant role in doing business. More and more people are taking care of this matter seriously. With the purpose of discussing more about the topic, my research paper concerns about ways for managers to manage business ethics efficiently. Beginning with the literature framework and importance of business ethics and its components, such as corporate business ethics and CSR, the research step-by-step comes to the five ways to manage it effectively. Additionally, knowing the importance of business ethics but not knowing how to manage it in a good manner is a hard problem for managers. My research helps to solve this by giving a set of guidelines including four recommendations: setting up an effective corporate ethics code, acting and behaving ethically in any circumstances, setting up rules and regulations, and advancing CSR in a very wise way. Finally, this paper comes to give my two issues for future researchers to take into consideration, in hopes that they would help. They are whether corporations need a business ethics manager or specialist, and how companies motivate their employees to act ethically.

Outlaw Euthanasia and Assisted Suicides Essay -- Medical Death Suicide

Outlaw Euthanasia and Assisted Suicides The people of the world today are constantly slammed with problems. There’s overpopulated countries, starving children, incurable diseases, and poverty. There’re drunk drivers on the road, burglars in our homes, and teenagers on the streets. No matter how many positive aspects you can think of for our world, these problems and many more exist. You can try to block them out, or you can strive to make them better. My proposal is to end euthanasia and physician assisted suicides. I believe that this treatment of life is wrong, and can be solved in other ways. Victims of depression, dementia, terminal illnesses, and personal reasons individuals find to die should not be relieved of their condition through injection. The option should not even be available. The world today is attempting to help suicidal people. There are thousands of hospitals and clinics across the world that employ doctors and psychiatrists that specialize in improving the quality of others lives to preven t suicide, and promote emotional stability. Now death is a reasonable and feasible option. The entirety of the problem of euthanasia and physician assisted suicides is not so much that unhappy people are dying, but that no effort or attempt is made to make them better. In every case, the request for assisted suicide stemmed from depression, anguish, desperation, or fear of abandonment. In other words, terminally ill patients sought euthanasia or assisted suicide for the same reasons that healthy people do. In the same case of healthy people, their suffering could be palliated, and their longing for death quelled, by proper use of medicine, lovingkindness, and what some have called the ministry of presence. The answer to anguish and desperation is not to coldly dispatch the anguished and desperate, but rather to enfold them within the bonds of a community that sees in them intrinsic, rather than merely utilitarian value (Assisted 5). Take for example, Janet Adkins. Janet was 54 when Dr. Kevorkian assisted her suicide. At the time of her death, she was in the early stages of Alzheimer’s Disease, and was not terminally ill. Her own doctor said she had ten years of productive life ahead of her. She never met or spoke with Kevorkian until two days before her death (Death 3). Elaine Goldbaum had fin... ...e conclusion to my proposal is simple. Life is a privilege. These days, couples are lucky to produce a child with no complications or disabilities. Successful people such as physicians should not be so willing to end others lives with such compliance. Earning a prosperous living through causing death to others is not an honest living, and these people should be considered all but heroes. One day they may say a life, yet the next, they’re discriminating and ending one because an individual asks nicely and their accounts allow them to do so. Medicine should be focusing on improving lives, rather then giving the option of ending them so easily. The option of assisted suicides and euthanasia should be outlawed which will cause people to seek other ways around their discomforts. Death should not be the answer to unhappiness, and the acts of assisted suicides should be unavailable to everyone. If an individual’s will to die is so strong, nature will take its course and fa te will choose the path. Works Cited Chevlen, Eric. Assisted Suicides. April 27, 2000 . Death with Dignity Act. April 27,2000 .

Keats’ attitude towards women Essay

Q- Keats wrote that he struggled to settle his mind on women, by turns adoring them as angels and reviling them as whores. Discuss Keats’s attitude to women in at least three poems in light of this opinion. Keats once wrote in a letter to Fanny Brawne â€Å"You have ravish’d me away by a Power I cannot resist: and yet I could resist till I saw you; and even since I have seen you I have endeavoured often ‘to reason against the reasons of my Love’- I can do that no more†. The quote, from John Ford’s ‘Tis Pity She’s a Whore, ostensibly encapsulates Keats’ attitude towards women. Through the variation of female characters presented in his work, from the evil seductress in La Belle Dame Sans Merci to chaste pure Madeline from The Eve of St. Agnes, Keats cultivates the impression of being simultaneously enchanted and repelled by the opposite sex, enthralled by their sensuality yet wary of their seemingly alien nature. This repulsion is depicted quite clearly in La Belle Dame Sans Merci or ‘The Beautiful Woman Without Pity’. Keats’ allusion to the medieval romance by French poet Alain Chartier immediately transports the reader into a fairy tale setting. The poem adopts the form of a folk ballad, yet merely mimics traditional love ballads as Keats’ female protagonist is depicted as having a far darker purpose. The contrast between the traditional ballad form and the cruel titular woman creates an ominous tone that continues into the first stanza of the poem. The poem consists of two speakers, the first of which hails the ‘palely loitering’ knight and asks ‘O what can ail thee’. The eeriness of the poem is reinforced when the unknown speaker asks a second time, ‘O what can ail thee, knight at arms’, the repetition of the question creating a ghostly refrain. The alliteration of the ‘L’ sound in ‘palely loitering’ creates a sense of listlessness that is furthered through the bleak landscape where ‘the sedge has wither’d from the lake, and no birds sing’. From this the reader can infer that the knight is a desolate emotional state, which is echoed, by his surroundings. Keats’s use of pathetic fallacy is furthered when the first speaker remarks that the ‘harvest’s done’ thus leaving the knight in a literal winter as well as a figurative one. As knights are often held as paragons of courage and power, Keats makes the reader aware that something preternaturally powerful must be at work. This preternatural being is ‘full beautiful-a faery’s child’, a tempestuous seductress who enthrals the hapless knight. So besotted is he, that he thinks nothing of following her to her ‘elfin grot’ where she ‘lulled’ him asleep. On the one hand, the verb ‘lulled’ can be seen as a treacherous attempt to secure the knight’s affections and allay his suspicions about La Belle’s otherworldly nature, on the other it can be viewed as a calming gesture, that has been misconstrued by the knight like every other aspect of the ethereal woman. Alluding to medieval mythology, Keats paints La Belle as a succubus, a femme fatale able to suck the life from the chivalrous knight through dreams. We, as the reader are only offered the descriptions and opinions of the knight-at-arms, and know nothing of this lady save for his presentation of her. As such, feminist critics could argue that unkind depiction of her character stems from the inversion of patriarchal values depicted in the poem. The knight is not a helpless victim of fancy, for it was he who first approached La Belle, and it was he who made her ‘a garland for her head, and bracelets too, and fragrant zone’. These objects, seemingly tokens of their courtship can be seen not only to decorate but to bind, enslave and enclose. La Belle Dame Sans Merci deviates from popular literacy tropes by depicting a lovelorn male in a state of decline and anguish after being rejected by the cruel female who is the object of his desires. However, instead of creating a female character to be applauded, Keats turns La Belle’s rejection of the knight into a rejection of morality itself. La Belle is never fully described, a longhaired faceless beauty who enslaves the knight with her feminine wiles. As such, La Belle can be seen to represent all women, an idea that is furthered when Keats speaks of ‘pale kings and princess too, pale warriors, death-pale they were all’. The repetition of the sickly adjective ‘pale’ in conjunction with the paradigms of masculinity found in kings, princes, and warriors furthers the idea of female sexuality corrupting the values of men, thus assuring their downfall. Keats creates a direct parallel to the malevolent succubus in La Belle Dame Sans Merci through male protagonist Porphyro from his poem The Eve of Saint Agnes. ‘St. Agnes Eve- Ah, bitter chill it was! The owl for all his feathers was a-cold; the hare limped trembling through the frozen grass, and silent were the flock in woolly fold’. Just like La Belle Dame Sans Merci, Keats through use of natural imagery depicts a desolate surrounding. However, in this case the frozen countryside is the result of a natural winter and not the spells of a cruel enchantress. This idea is further through the listing of animals; the ‘owl’, ‘hare’ and ‘flock’ are vastly different from the birdless wasteland. Keats conjures in the reader the vision of a harsh winter through use of adjectives ‘cold’, ‘frozen’ and ‘chill’. The depressed nature of this bleak landscape is broken by ‘Music’s golden tongue’ and ‘silver snarling trumpets’. The verb ‘snarling’ conjures in the reader images of savage dogs or wolves and is a startling contrast to the muffled snow covered outside world. The harsh ‘Ar’ sound in ‘snarling’ creates a growling effect and effectively conveys the ferocity and fervour of the music being played. Keats’ use of precious metals gold and silver simultaneously emphasise the value of the music, and livens the frozen world female protagonist Madeline lives in. Discussing the presentation of Madeline, critic Bateman states that ‘she’s no Fanny Brawne, she’s timid and subdued’. Paraded in front on numerous gentry who hold no appeal to her, Madeline longs to escape from the public eye and anxiously awaits the ‘hallowed hour’ of St. Agnes Eve. The adjective ‘hallowed’ holds within it highly religious connotations that encapsulates the sacred nature of St. Agnes Night. The use of religious imagery is prevalent throughout the poem, and is expressed quite exquisitely through Madeline. Madeline is a paragon of virtue, a virgin so pious that she ‘seemed a splendid angel†¦save wings for heaven’. Surrounded by the light of the ‘wintry moon’ Madeline is transformed into an ethereal being, one with no  match on earth. Far from evoking Diana, goddess of the moon and chastity, the scintillating moonlight throws â€Å"warm gules† on Madeline’s breast thus drawing attention to her body as ‘she knelt, so pure a thing, free from mortal taint’. The noun ‘taint’ suggests contamination, a polluting stain that cannot be removed. After the touch of a man, Madeline will no longer be pure, and as such loose that which makes her heavenly. Through use of ‘aged creature’ Angela, Keats creates a counterpart to female protagonist Angela. The noun ‘creature’ brings to mind something other, an alien entity that lacks humanity. Far past the age where she can enjoy the innocent and puerile rituals of St. Agnes eve, Angela is depicted as everything that Madeline is not. Old, frail and feeble, she is constantly shaking due to her ‘palsied’ state and seems prone to fits of forgetfulness, reminding Porphyro that he she cannot trust her ‘dizzy head’. She lacks any strength of character and is easily manipulated by Porphyro, thus enabling him to carry out his seduction on Madeline. One the one hand, the constant listing of physical and mental deficiencies allows Keats to create a strong contrast to thriving Madeline, on the other hand, Keats can be seen as conforming to overused stereotypes- the pious young virgin and the feeble elderly crone. As such, his female characters become a flat â€Å"2D† portrayal, lacking any real depth of personality. Jack Stillinger states â€Å"regardless of the extent to which Keats identified with his hero, he introduced enough overtones of evil to make Porphyro’s actions wrong within the structure of the poem†. On the one hand this statement can be held true, with Porphyro’s actions revealing him to be a ‘cruel man’ and ‘impious’ and on the other, Porphyro’s actions take on a romantic light, and any indiscretions made can be seen to be the actions of a lovesick fool. Mirroring La Belle’s presentation as a succubus, Keats once again draws on medieval mythology. This time however, the male not the female entertains supernatural elements. As such, Porphyro becomes an incubus. Like succubae, an incubus holds power over the opposite sex, and often carries out their seductions through dreams. Unlike La Belle however, Keats does not demonise Porphyro for his sexual  nature and portrays his fantasies of possessing Madeline in a romantic light. Despite their similar situations, the difference in the presentation of La Belle and Porphyro truly illustrates Keats’ attitudes towards women. Keats wrote about empathetic identification, claiming â€Å"if a sparrow come before my window, I take part in its existence and pick about the Gravel†. Keats is able to identify with the sparrow, yet seems unable to create female characters who are not enticing femme fettle’s like Lamia and La Belle Dame Sans Merci, or vapid feeble characters like Madeline and Angela. Keats’ treatment and depiction of his written characters is highly similar to his treatment of Fanny Brawne, finding in her aspects of that which disgusted him in La Belle Dame Sans Merci and enchanted him in The Eve of St. Agnes. In a letter to her he wrote â€Å"I cannot live without you, and not just you but chaste you; virtuous you.† As such, that which drew Porphyro to Madeline also drew Keats to Miss Brawne. Keats however, also echoes the obsessive yearning of the knight from La Belle Dame Sans Merci, writing to Fanny â€Å"you are to me an object intensely desirable.† This desire is shown most strongly in Ode To Fanny, one of the last poems Keats wrote after suffering his first lung haemorrhage. As Keats drifted closer towards death, his infatuation with Fanny became something of an obsession with critic Richardson claiming that Keats â€Å"had transfigured Fanny in his imagination, his passion creating in her the beauty which for him became the truth†. Keats ascribes Fanny with miraculous healing abilities, imploringly asking her to ‘let my spirit blood! O ease my heart.’ Bloodletting was an ancient practice said to relive the body of ill humours and cure maladies. Is this case however, it is not Keats’ blood that is causing his ailments but his damaged soul. Only Fanny can cure his heartache, making him entirely dependant on her. Throughout the ode, Keats is intensely focused on Fanny’s virginity, painfully aware that he will never be able to claim her sexually. Keats calls her his ‘silver moon’ and asks that she stay ‘unravished’ by another’s ‘amorous burn’. Through mentioning moonlight, Keats invokes Artemis, Greek Goddess of chastity entreating Fanny to remain pure. The long vowel sounds  in ‘amorous burn’ speak of consuming passion while the verb ‘burn’ contains connotations of fiery lust, thus furthering the idea of Keats’ fixation with Fanny’s sexuality. Whilst the colour silver is typically linked to purity and the moon, it will also tarnishes over time thus loosing its lustre. Keats knows that Fanny, like the silver, will one day no longer be pure, yet he still asks that no other ‘with a rude hand break the sacramental cake’. The use of the religious metaphor ‘sacramental cake’ to r ather crudely refer to the hymen, reduces Fanny to nothing more than a body for a man to sate himself in. Keats discounts her worth as a person in favour of highlighting her worth as a sexual object meant only for the pleasure of men. Keats employs the use of simplistic rhyme when stating ‘must not a woman be, a feather on the sea’. The juvenile rhyme scheme brings to mind that of a nursery rhyme, an idea that is corroborated by the equally infantile rhythm. Seemingly scornful of her emotions, and rather unable to comprehend that women are able to know their own minds, Keats wrote to Fanny â€Å"you do not feel as I do- you do not know what it is to love†. It is perhaps this view that nurtures Keats’ distrust and envy which prompts his rather hyperbolic proclamation ‘may my eyes close, Love! On their last repose’. The use of the rather clichà ©d â€Å"I would die without your love† conjures in the reader images of powerful emotional manipulation. The reader has to question if Keats is really in love with Fanny like he claims, or if his obsessive infatuation has created an idealised image of what love is, and projected it on the object of his affections. Despite what other characteristic or personality aspects they may possess, Keats paints women as seductresses, entrapping the hearts of unsuspecting men. In regards to the women he writes about, even pure chaste Madeline is presented as having ensnared poor Porphyro. Whilst some of this can be excused due to oppressive patriarchal paradigms that presented women as objects to be obtained, the vast majority of the unfair presentation stems from Keats’ own feelings and opinions. Keats is seemingly unable to view women as fully autonomous human beings, and treats even Fanny as a succubus that has enthralled him, yet even so he elevates her into an ideal. The paradoxical nature of their relationship- characterised by both love and  loathing can be seen to be reflected in his attitudes towards women, leaving him simultaneously enchanted and repelled. Bibliography http://feminism.eserver.org/theory/papers/lilith/labelle.html http://www.keatsian.co.uk/keats-poetry-belle.php http://www.mibba.com/Reviews/Book/4500/John-Keats-La-Belle-Dame-sans-Merci/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/english_literature/poetry_ccea/loveanddeath/labelledamesanmerci/revision/1/ http://www.englweb.umd.edu/englfac/JRudy/Keats-letters.pdf http://www1.umassd.edu/corridors/bestessay259.html http://literarism.blogspot.co.nz/2011/03/eve-of-st-agnes-keats.html http://research.library.mun.ca/353/3/sensuous_embodiment.pdf Richardson, Joanna. Fanny Brawne: A Biography. Norwich: Jarrold and Sons, 1952. Print.

Green marketing Essay

With the rise of growing consciousness for environmental protection, people are now becoming more less-sensitive with price premiums as long as they earn the benefits of these eco-products. This environmental concern revolution has begun to also uncover the various factors that enable consumers to purchase these specially-packaged products. This stage was able to assess the following: (a) price sensitivity issues, (b) package convenience, (c) environmentally-concerned, and symbolic environmentally-concerned aspects of the individual which are depicted in the results made by the Mintell Poll in Great Britain. From the study of the poll, a considerable number of people are concerned on putting value in the process of packaging of these bio products. See the following for the results The rise of green marketing Peattie (2005:357) It was only during the 1980’s when people start to speak about green marketing. Almost suddenly, consumption of the greenest products and health consciousness came to be the talk of the town. Like any new phenomena, it was soon the topic of the marketing research of most firms. With this awareness of the green market, companies have reverted to environmentally-friendly modes of production and operations. However, there also came to a point when this green marketing was only about selling, and that the green aspect was all a disguise. Legislations and other policies rose to halt this growing and gnawing concern. Redefinition of green marketing A number of marketing processes have been enumerated to reshape the approach of this market, as follows:   a redefinition of the product which encompasses the means of production and distribution. A willingness to change markets as well as changing products as a sustainable economy will require more than new product developments   an emphasis on benefits from product use to show the joys of product ownership   marketing communication that aims to inform rather than impress a focus beyond current customer needs   a willingness to manage demands and expectations   an emphasis on costs rather than price   taking more responsibility on consumer and societal welfare Most firms have long been focused on selling and just making profits, whereas the customer has always been into the marginal interests. Since the birth of green marketing, consumers have favored this product, and thus the producers or the firm has to follow this lead. This would work in a world of entirely marketing oriented firms, but neglects mostly the internal environment. Changes in Medicine / Bio-cosmetics Akoh (2004:513) We have clearly presented our views and thorough research in the previous sections and will now give light to the other side of bio-cosmetics – the various changes in medicine that may help or hamper the lives of the individuals using these products. Innovation in medical treatments in terms of technological-use or through the minimally invasive techniques (MIT) prompted the way for advancements to significantly reduce pain, recovery time, and even hospital stays with marked improvements in cosmetic outcome and overall cost effectiveness. Bio-cosmetics for one, has enabled practicing surgeons to aid their treatments with the latest surgical cares that will serve as a catalyst to one’s full recovery. Yaron Munz (2004:223) MITs were used in a wide range of procedures long before they were applied to surgery, but only then did they become exposed to the general public. Through the close collaborations of innovative surgeons and technologists, MIT was rapidly advanced in the society. Conrad (2005:3-14) Since 1980’s profound changes happened in the field of medicine that have created a huge impact in health conditions. Patients started to become more knowledgeable and involved in the medical information on various treatments even in choosing their health insurance policies and in seeking out medical services. The biotechnology industry in particular has their ups and downs but it definitely gave birth to a promising future that may indeed revolutionize healthcare. Such products of these dynamic changes are the bio-products, such as bio-cosmetics. Bio-cosmetics Ethics Todd (2004:86) In line with the field of an innovative scene in biotechnology, environmental ethics and eco-marketers come together to reinstate the status of these bio-products to garner consumer appeal and make them realize the importance of being socially-involved and responsible. So the question arises, in an era where eco-friendly is hip, how do we infuse ethics and product aesthetics? Ethics simply realizes and acknowledges the fact that these bio products, specifically bio-cosmetics targets the image of beauty related to health and not marked by politics. However, not everyone seems to be pleased with all these biotechnological advancements as these groups believe that these cosmetics, drugs or other bio-products have the potential of threatening the â€Å"soul† or â€Å"dignity† of the person given the extent of effect it impacts the one who intakes. Although these are not sufficiently backed-up by scientific evidences, still the concern or the argument is present. Judgments regarding these agents or products still rely heavily on the ethical principles of both the buyers and the sellers. Holtug (1999:4) In ethics, it is also important to note that in the process of considering the usage of these bio-products for medicinal purposes, we should also draw the line between enhancing or treating. What is indeed the distinction between the two that justifies the use of these products or agents? Treatment can be referred to as an intervention that aims to cure a disease or an ailment. Enhancements on the other hand, do not attempt to cure a disease or reduce its effects. Therefore, the question on whether one should enhance or treat a person is touching on the ethical composition of the individual. With the pool of genes in a person, in the community and in the world, how can one identify which feature or trait should be eliminated or enhanced through medical interventions? How is it being determined? How are people with these inequalities being compensated for their state of difference? At the end of the day, how will it also affect the social attitudes of those undergoing medical treatments or enhancements?

Fermentation Essay Example

Fermentation Essay Example Fermentation Essay Fermentation Essay Background research Agitation is a procedure carried out by many micro-organisms and which produces a assortment of utile compounds and this reaction is really of import in industry for baking and brewing. In agitation, C dioxide gas bubbles out of the solution into the air go forthing a mixture of ethyl alcohol and H2O. Ethanol can be separated from the mixture by fractional distillment. Agitation must be carried out in the absence of air to do intoxicant. If air is present, ethanoic acid is made alternatively of intoxicant. This reaction is really of import in industry for baking and brewing. Yeast, is most normally used in baking to interrupt glucose, or other sugars to bring forth different merchandises. In baking and brewing different type of barm is used. An enzyme called saccharase will change over a sugar called sucrose into smaller sugar molecules called glucose and fruit sugar. Glucose is fermented by the barm to ethanol and carbon dioxide. : The released C dioxide causes dough to lift and to keep it high. The produced intoxicant contributes to the staff of life s spirit. The optimum temperature for barm to ferment sugar is 32 A ; deg ; C. In warmer temperature ( 45 A ; deg ; C ) the barm cells will decease. Besides fructose and sucrose attention used by the barm as agitation substrates. Sucrose is straight transformed by an enzyme called saccharase, into glucose and fructose. Sucrose is a good substrate for agitation. When saccharose or glucose is added to the dough, they are faster fermented than malt sugar. Sugars are little molecules which belong to the category of saccharides. As the name implies, a saccharide is a molecule whose molecular expression can be expressed in footings of merely C and H2O. For illustration, glucose has the expression C6 ( H2O ) 6 and sucrose has the expression C6 ( H2O ) 11. More complex saccharides such as amylum and cellulose are polymers of glucose. The difference between a monosaccharose and a disaccharide can be seen in the undermentioned illustration: How make enzymes work? Enzymes speeds up the biochemical reactions and they work best at an optimal temperature, nevertheless if the temperature has increased it will supply more kinetic energy to the molecules involved. Therefore the figure of hits between enzyme and substrate will increase every bit good as the rate of reaction. If temperature rises above the optimal the enzymes will be denatured. The bonds which are keeping the construction together will interrupt and the active sites lose their form and will no longer respond. Mention hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chemie.uni-regensburg.de/Organische_Chemie/Didaktik/Keusch/D-fermentation_sugar-e.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lycos.com/info/fermentation sugars.html? page=2 Investigating the affects of sugar on the rate of agitation The purpose To look into on how different types of sugars can impact the rate of agitation. There are two different types of sugars that I am traveling to which are monosaccharide and disaccharide sugars. Introduction Respiration is the release of energy from glucose or another organic chemical. The chemical energy in glucose can be used to supply the energy required for growing, fix and motion. This is a controlled procedure that occurs in little stairss and each measure requires respiratory enzymes. These enzymes allow the procedure to take topographic point at organic structure temperature 37C A ; deg ; .m Aerobic Respiration is the normal signifier of respiration. It requires O and releases the most energy from glucose. This signifier of respiration occurs within the chondriosome. Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy C6H12O6 + O2 = CO2+H2O + Energy However, it is possible for respiration to take topographic point without O in a procedure known as anaerobiotic respiration. It besides releases energy from glucose but non every bit much. When barm respires anaerobically it produces C dioxide and intoxicant. When we respire we produce lactic acid. Excessively much lactic acid causes weariness to our musculuss. Yeast produces ethyl alcohol ( intoxicant ) when it respires anaerobically and finally the ethyl alcohol will kill the barm. We can respire in both ways excessively. Normally we use oxygen, but when we are exerting, we may non acquire adequate O into our blood, so our musculuss start to respire anaerobically. Word equation for anaerobiotic respiration: Glucose lactic acid + Energy C6H12O6 2C3H6O3 + Energy Sugars can be categorized as either simple or complex depending on their chemical construction, in other words the figure of carbohydrates ( glucids ) they are composed of such as: Monosaccharide Are the most basic unit of saccharides and they are the simplest signifier of sugar. Examples of monosaccharide include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Monosaccharides are the edifice blocks of disaccharides such as sucrose and polyoses ( such as cellulose and amylum ) . Disaccharide Two monosaccharose joined together by a glycosidic linkage is called a dual sugar or disaccharide. The most common disaccharide is sucrose. It is composed of glucose and fruit sugar. Sucrose is normally used by workss to transport sugar from one portion of the works to another. Polysaccharide Polysaccharides are polymeric saccharide constructions, formed of reiterating units joined together by glycosidic bonds. These constructions are frequently additive, but may incorporate assorted grades of ramification. When all the monosaccharose in a polyose is the same type the polyose is called a gay polyose, but when more than one type of monosaccharose is present they are called hetero polyoses. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.polypeptide-polysaccharide.com/ Hypothesis I hypothesise that glucose sugar which is a monosaccharose will hold a greater rate of agitation than saccharose which a disaccharide sugar. Justification There are different types of sugars that have different effects on the reproduction of barm, which would hold an consequence on the rate of agitation. Therefore, I am traveling to look into the chief two sugars ( Monosaccharide and disaccharides ) to look into which type of sugar will hold a greater rate of agitation. Monosaccharides are simple sugars made of 1 molecule of sugar whereas disaccharides are complex sugars made of two molecule of sugar. So, my hypothesis would be that glucose will increase the rate of agitation than sucrose because glucose is a monosaccharose sugar and therefore has one unit of sugar. This will enable the enzymes in the barm to interrupt down the bonds of the simple sugar really easy with less energy, and short period of clip. Whereas saccharose has two unit of sugars and therefore has twice every bit much bonds as glucose sugar which will decelerate down the enzymes action in interrupting down the bonds, as it requires more energy with longer period of clip to interrupt down the bonds. So, in order to look into whether my hypothesis is right or incorrect, I will necessitate to execute the experiment by proving the chief two sugars glucose ( Monosaccharide ) and sucrose ( disaccharides ) . Experimental method In the experimental method I have decided to utilize the technique of titration. A titration is a technique where a solution of known concentration is used to find the concentration of an unknown solution. So in this experiment, I am traveling to utilize the titration technique to happen out which type of sugar will bring forth a greater rate of agitation. Typically, the titrant is added from a burette to a known measure of the analyte ( the unknown solution ) until the reaction is complete. Knowing the volume of titrant added allows the finding of the concentration of the unknown. Often, an index is used to normally signal the terminal of the reaction, the end point. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/titratn.html Here are some of import setup that are of import to transport out the titration method: * Burette: The burettes are chiefly used for titrations to present one reactant until the precise terminal point of the reaction is reached. Burette used to mensurate the volume of a solution accurately which can be read to an truth of half a division that is to 0.05 cm3.  · Conical flask, beaker: The conelike flasks, beakers are used for commixture, reactant and transporting but non for accurate measurings. The volume stamped on the sides of the conelike flask and beaker is approximative and accurate to within 5 % . * Pipette: Pipets are used to mensurate little sums of solution really accurately and it has a bulb to pull the solution into the pipette. It transfers 25 cm3 ( normally to  ±0.05 cm3 ) of a solution into a conelike flask. * Funnel: is a pipe with a broad, frequently conelike oral cavity and a narrow root ( this will be needed to do certain the transferring of the Na hydrated oxide into the burette in smooth and safe as possible ) . * 0.1M of Na hydrated oxide: will be used as the solution in the burette which will bespeak the sum of base that is needed to neutralize the acid in the fermented solution. * Phenolphthalein bespeaking solution: this index solution will assist us see when the solution in the conelike flask alterations, it is really of import that we use the same sum of beads on both solutions this will assist us acquire an accurate coloring material alteration consequence. Apparatus: * 2 g dried beer maker s barm. * 200cm 0.2 M fruit sugar. * 200cm 0.2 M milk sugar. * 2 ten 0.5 g ammonium phosphate. * 2 ten 0.5 g ammonium sulfate. * 3 ten 250cm broad necked conelike flask. * 2 ten silicone gum elastic spile with two holes. * 3 ten glass agitation lock. * 3 ten 15cm dead set glass pipette with 3cm gum elastic tube. * 3 ten limitation cartridge holder ( Hoffman cartridge holder ) . * 3 ten glass rod. * 50cm burette. * 3 ten pipettes. * 0.1 M Na hydrated oxide solution ( about 400cm ) . * Phenolphthalein index solution and dropping pipette. Procedure for twenty-four hours 1: 1. Label two 250cm flask: fruit sugar and lactose and control ( H2O ) . Add 200cm of 0.2 M sugar solution to the named flasks and 200cm of H2O to the control flask. 2. Add 2 g of dried beer maker s barm and so 1 g of ammonium salts to each flask ( 0.5 g each of ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate ) . 3. Ensure that the barm is respuspended and the salts are dissolved in the sugar solution by carefully stirring each solution with a different glass rod. 4. Carefully and steadfastly infix the agitation lock and dead set pipette into the silicone gum elastic spiles. 5. topographic point the spiles steadfastly into the cervix of the flasks To help the agitation the flask should be placed in an brooder ( 15 20 C ) . Procedure for twenty-four hours 2: 1. Put up a burette incorporating 0.1 M Na hydrated oxide solution. 2. Twirl the flask to guarantee a homogeneous mix of civilization and take a sum of 25cm of sample ( 10cm + 15cm ) . 3. Put the remotion sample into a little flask and add two or three beads of phenolphthalein solution. 4. Plot a histogram of the volume of the base used to neutralize each sugar solution. The histogram can be used to bespeak the extent of agitation. Justifying twenty-four hours one process: There are few things that can impact the readying of the solutions which are normally known as a possible mistakes and these mistake can come from: Weighing balance: we used the 2 denary topographic point balance to weigh our samples and I think the deliberation of the sample would non be dependable as it measures to 2 denary topographic points. In this instance our consequences might be undependable because we can non find whether it is the exact weight of the sample we are mensurating. For illustration if we weighed out 3g of barm on the 2 denary topographic point balance it would merely demo 3.00g, whereas if we used another balancer which measures the sample to an truth of 4 denary topographic points it would hold been better because it would give us 3.0000g. Stiring rod: depending on the gait of stirring the solution if we did nt utilize the stirring rod gently and often it would impact the solubility of the sample that we are doing, this is because sometimes we may believe that all the solid portion in a solution are to the full dissolved in the sample. However, sometimes a little sum of the solid may non fade out decently without detecting it. Therefore, it is really of import that we had to stir the solution gently and often so that the full solid are wholly dissolved. Room temperature: go forthing the solution to ferment over dark the temperature of the room is non changeless because at dark the temperature decreases which would hold an consequence on the rate of reaction of the agitation by decelerating the reaction down. It would hold been better if I could utilize a H2O bath so we can take a full control of the temperature and besides do it changeless. Duration for agitation: the continuance that was provided for agitation was non plenty for the barm to ferment, if the solution was left for longer period clip the sample might hold fermented better and besides if would hold left the solution for longer dark likely 2 to 3 darks it would hold been better excessively. However, go forthing the samples for more than 4 to 6 darks could impact the rate of agitation because the longer we leave a sample the more contaminated the sample may acquire by bacteriums. Justifying the process of twenty-four hours 2: In twenty-four hours 2 we have used the technique of titration to happen out which type of sugar will bring forth a greater rate of agitation. However, the manual titration technique is non every bit accurate as it is industries. The titration technique is carried more accurately on an industrial graduated tables because of the machine-controlled machines that are used are automated which carry out the titration in a more accurate manner and more than one sample at a clip. The titration method: the method merely allows us to make one titration at one time which was non suited for our clip graduated table. We were utilizing two burettes one for each solution but we still had to run one burette at a clip. Time: I think the period of the titration was non sufficient because we had to transport out three titrations and three repetitions for each type of sugar including the control, maintaining in head that we had to enter the all values accurately from the titration. Therefore, we would hotfoot in the experiment to complete all the titrations every bit rapidly as we perchance can, so we would non transport out the probe in an appropriate manner which could impact our overall consequence. Recording the consequences and how many repetitions will be performed In this probe I will be utilizing two types of sugars which are glucose and sucrose and a control which is H2O. For each type of sugar including the control I will do 3 repetitions so that I can acquire an mean consequence of the volume of the Na hydrated oxide which has been used. I would execute a unsmooth titration for each sugar to assist me to make up ones mind about where the terminal point is traveling to be and how much volume of the Na hydrated oxide will I need to neutralize the solution that I am proving Type Titre1 Cm? Titre2 Cm? Titre3 Cm? Average Cm? Glucose 22.65 34.85 25.90 27.80 Sucrose 52.00 40.45 40.750 46.73 Control 8.15 17.60 8.15 11.30 Once I have completed the experiment and recorded my consequences accurately to two denary topographic points, so I will work the mean consequence for both sugars and the control for illustration, for glucose sugar I would add the consequences that I have obtained including the unsmooth one and so split the reply by three. Once I have calculated the mean consequence for both sugars and the control, so I would plot a graph to demo the volume of Na hydrated oxide that has been used to neutralize each solution which will assist to compare which type of sugar fermented better. Titration consequences Decision from the consequences During the titration procedure I kept watching for the coloring material of the solution we were titrating to alter from nebulose white solution to a light pink coloring material. The light tap color indicate that that neutralization of the solution we are giggling is completed which known as the terminal point. Looking at this tabular array it shows that saccharose has a greater rate of agitation than glucose because it has a higher titer of Na hydrated oxide that was needed to neutralize the solution. Therefore, this indicates that saccharose was more acidic and more CO2 dissolved in the sample that we were proving and besides more agitation evaluation took topographic point. Accuracy of process and each piece of equipment used Each piece of equipment we have used, we take the volumes reading from the underside of the semilunar cartilage. Burette used to mensurate the volume of a solution accurately which can be read to an truth of half a division that is to 0.05 cm3. * Rinse equipments before usage: We have used distilled H2O to rinse the equipment before we carry out our probe because the equipment may non rinse decently so it contains other solutions which would do our consequences undependable. By rinsing the equipment before utilizing them, would diminish the possibility of acquiring of taint. * Labeling equipments: We had to label the conelike flasks to guarantee that the right sugar is in its labeled conelike flask because sugars look the same so labelling conelike flasks would assist us place the solution rapidly without acquiring assorted up of which sugar belongs to which flask. * Ammonium salt: As we know that yeast gets nutrient from the milieus and hence, we have used the ammonium salt and ammonium phosphate is to feed the barm with alimentary as ammonium hydroxide contributes to nutritionary demands of such being.  · Using room temperature for agitation: Because enzymes within barms are from different home grounds therefore utilizing different temperatures for each type of sugar would impact the agitation procedure. Therefore we decided to utilize room temperature as it is suited for both types of sugar and the barm in which perform the agitation procedure.  · Twirling flasks: It is really of import that we had to twirl the flasks decently before taking the samples out because it would assist guarantee that all the solids are to the full dissolved in the solution and becomes complete solution.  · Using pipette filler to take the samples: we would be utilizing pipette filler because it is good equipment for taking about 25cm3 of the solution.  · Phenolphthalein index: We have used this index solution to assist us to see when the solution in the conelike flask alterations, so we had to utilize the same sum of beads on both solutions so that we get an accurate coloring material alteration consequence. Evaluation: The dependability and the truth of the probe: It is really of import that we had to follow all the instructions carefully that were provided to us because it would assist us work more accurately and acquire better consequence on our experiment. However, we would non anticipate to acquire the same consequences for each repetition of titration, because it depends on finding the terminal point of the reaction. For illustration, the cloudy white coloring material is rather similar to the light tap color therefore ; sometimes it is hard to find whether the exact terminal point has been achieved or non, and so we would nt anticipate to acquire the same consequences for each clip we repeat the experiment. As a consequence, it would be better to keep the solution up to the visible radiation to assist us find the exact terminal which is the light pink colur in the same scope. As we know that barms perform better under anaerobiotic conditions, so if O got into the solution so the status inside the conelike flask will alter to aerobic and the procedure of agitation will non take topographic point. As a consequence, we had to guarantee that the procedure is taking topographic point with the absence of O conditions, so we ensured that the spile was steadfastly fastened into the conelike flask that contained the fermenting solution. It was really of import that that the spile was fastened otherwise the air that came from the environing would impact the barm respiration by acquiring into the conelike flask to the solution that we were fermenting. Furthermore, if the spile is non fastened decently so C dioxide will leak from the conelike flask would impact on the sourness of the solution because the Na hydrated oxide needs to be titrated with an acidic substance so to accomplish neutralization of the solution in the flask. Therefore, maintaining the spile fastened will maintain the procedure of agitation under anaerobiotic status. When the samples had been left to ferment nightlong, bubbles were produced on the top of the solution because the bubbles were formed from the C dioxide gas being given off from the reaction in the solution. This may hold an consequence on the measuring of the solution in both the pipettes and burettes because the solution must be measured from its semilunar cartilage. Therefore we have got to be careful while taking the reading of the solution to take from the semilunar cartilage which is the curve at the top of the liquid if did so we would acquire more accurate and dependable consequences. There is another factor which can do our probe undependable which the temperature. This can hold a major consequence on the rate of agitation because enzymes are really sensitive to temperature. Enzymes speeds up the biochemical reactions and they work best at an optimal temperature, nevertheless if the temperature has increased it will supply more kinetic energy to the molecules involved. Therefore the figure of hits between enzyme and substrate will increase every bit good as the rate of reaction. If temperature rises above the optimal the enzymes will be denatured. The bonds which are keeping the construction together will interrupt and the active sites lose their form and will no longer respond. There are some factors in which can hold an consequence on our overall consequence such as, room temperature, weighing and the concentration of the samples. So Now I traveling to do a tabular array to demo the variables, the effects they may impact the probe and how they can be controlled during the experiment to acquire more accurate and dependable informations. Controls and variables during this experiment: Variables The effects on the experiment How could it be controlled Room temperature As we know the room temperature is non changeless therefore it would impact the enzymes action during the procedure of agitation We could hold made the temperature changeless if we placed the samples inside an brooder which will assist the enzymes work better. Weighing Another factor that could impact our overall consequence is that being really near to the weighing balancer while we are weighing our samples because take a breathing on the balancer changes the reading of the sample In order to optimize the effects of the air on the weighing balancer while we are taking the reading of the sample is to utilize an accurate deliberation balancer which is surrounded by glass frame and gives the reading of the sample to four denary topographic points. Concentration of sample If we used the incorrect concentration of the sugars, this would impact on our consequences. In order to do certain that we are utilizing the right concentration we have look carefully at the labels of the solutions which indicates the name of the solution and its concentration. Beginnings Used hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chemie.uni-regensburg.de/Organische_Chemie/Didaktik/Keusch/D-fermentation_sugar-e.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.practicalchemistry.org/experiments/fermentation-of-glucose-using-yeast,109, EX.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chemie.uni-regensburg.de/Organische_Chemie/Didaktik/Keusch/D-fermentation_sugar-e.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/P/polysaccharide.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gcsescience.com/rc17-fermentation-yeast-alcohol.htm

Review of To Kill a Mockingbird essays

Review of To Kill a Mockingbird essays In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout is the young narrator. Since she is only eight years old she will be learning a lot of things very quickly in the novel. One of the themes that her father is trying to teach her is empathy. She doesn't quite understand what the difference between the right thing and accepted thing is yet and Atticus wants to make sure that she learns it. Since Scout is in her early years of childhood still, empathy is a likely thing that she would be learning about. She is also unreliable somewhat as a narrator because she doesn't understand the world as much as most of the other characters in the novel. Scout being the narrator affects the theme of empathy by making it easier to believe she is learning about it, being able to explain the things that are needed to learn about empathy and understanding just enough to be able to learn about it.?Since Scout is so young it is easy to believe that she would be learning the theme of empathy. Most parents want to teach their children what is right and wrong and how to know the difference while they are at a young age, so Atticus trying to teach this lesson to Scout is very believable. This also makes the lesson easy to learn for the reader because the novel is first person which means that the lesson will be explained in the book as if it was being taught to someone who had never been introduced to it ever before in their life. Scout asks a lot of questions, being a child, and wants to learn a lot of things. Atticus explains real courage to her and Jem in a very good way that gets the point across. Its when you know youre licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do (149). Atticus is able to explain things very straight-forward without sounding unrealistic. The lessons can be taught in a simple way because they are being taught to children. ...

A Review Of Personal Loans Commerce Essay

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Explain the relationship between discipline and obedience from a Essay

Explain the relationship between discipline and obedience from a Montessori perspective and discuss how discipline and obedience are linked to the development of the will - Essay Example The Montessori Method is one that is not only able to provide a fostering and development of children that are moving through different stages of cognitive development. More importantly, there is an understanding of new and revolutionary approaches to teaching. These are providing new concepts that can be applied to teaching, development and the overall exploration of learning that is needed in schools at this time frame. The educational basis that is a part of the Montessori perspective is based on creating a different environment and context for learning with children. The Montessori perspective began to develop after World War II, with the developing belief that each child is able to learn in different ways and has a natural tendency toward exploration and creativity. The main concept and approach was to use integrated methods toward learning and to have a specific approach that was holistic and exploratory for students. The initial programs that were developed moved into an institute created by Dr. Montessori, all which were based on developing a liberal program that was able to enhance learning. Dr. Montessori used some of the methods from older ways of teaching, all which were adapted to this specific classroom. This was combined with the liberal ideas of education, which was based on interactive development, exploration and the ability to learn through different levels of cognitive experiences (George, Montessori, 1992). The development of this method has not only leads to exploration for students, but also has assisted in the discipline and obedience perspectives that are required for the method. Since the program is based on exploration and the formation of discovery through individual experiences in the classroom, many have had to develop alternative understandings of what is included in the discipline of the children.

Safe work environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Safe work environment - Essay Example Visitors language should be checked for any harmful devises carried by him. Work stations are to be design to make the employees more comfortable as they would be working long hours sitting. The work station and the equipments like tables and chairs are to be designed to ease the pressure on the employees' body thus avoiding the stains and pains at various back parts. New employees are to be made known about the safety and security measures prior to their joining. They should be given a book let explaining about the privacy and safety policies for their kind reference. The parcels and other goods coming through courier service are to be checked at the ground floor security and should forward to their floors. If the goods are having some offense contents the objects are to be kept at the ground dispatch room and the consignee has to be called for cross check. An in-house doctor has to be placed at the work station for addressing concerns. Reference: Employee safety handbook, Office of research safety and office of risk management, Northwestern university, 2003 viewed on 21/12/2006 available at http://www.northwestern.edu/risk/EmpSafetyHandbook2003.pdf Safety tips,

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