Sport-the Ways of to Improve the Standard free essay sample

The Ways of to improve the standard of SPORT in our country. Sports can be defined as physical activities in which people compete against each other to win. In some countries, sports arena seemed to be dull and extremely limited when most of the athletes or sportspersons failed to show the true colors of theirs in most of the championships. That’s why we need to follow a few reachable steps in order to revive Malaysian sports. In this manner, our sports can be enhanced gradually and be better than ever. Mental toughness is a quality that is highly valued in sport.It is considered essential in those athletes who aspire to success in world-class sport. At present there is much debate on what it is and how to develop it. In this paper mental toughness is discussed in detail from a philosophical and practical perspective. The conclusion is that mental toughness is related to that degree of motivation a player possesses and is developed by good coaching, a well designed programme of preparation and appropriate competitive experiences. We will write a custom essay sample on Sport-the Ways of to Improve the Standard or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is commonly assumed, owing to the nature of sport, that mental toughness is a quality that all serious competitive players should possess.It appears to be a concept that most people are familiar with and use about peoples behaviour in various contexts. It is a complex concept, particularly with respect to why some people appear to have it to varying degrees or not to have it. It will be of interest to coaches and players therefore to identify the specific characteristics of mental toughness and the different situations in which it is manifested. With this information it may become possible to provide some guidelines on how to develop mental toughness in players. The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of mental toughness, to consider whether or not mental toughness can be developed in players and, if so, how might this be done. All players must acquire a knowledge of the sport, technical and tactical skill, fitness and develop appropriate attitudes in order to improve their performances and so become competent players of their sport. Mental toughness falls within that aspect of performance known as attitude. Attitude is used here to refer to players behaviour with the purpose of making clear what is entailed in mental toughness behaviour.It is assumed that mental toughness is not only an appropriate attitude to adopt in certain situations but is also highly desirable. Appropriate attitudes in sport derive from several sources. As one normally takes up a sport voluntarily as being worthwhile to play such attitudes arise as love of the sport, care about how one plays it, pride in how one plays and a commitment to the standards inhe rent in the sport. From the notion that sport is a social construct initially played for peoples enjoyment and satisfaction derive such moral attitudes such as fairness and consideration of others interests.Mental toughness falls into that group of attitudes that derive from sport as competition to engage in it is to engage in a contest. As stated above the point of a contest is to try to win. It is assumed therefore, that if the players seriously engage in a contest they will be committedto the task of trying to win. Presupposed in such a commitment is the belief that the goal of winning is realistic and can be achieved. It is unlikely that any player of a sport will make a serious commitment to try to win if he did not believe that he could do so.Such a belief presupposes that the player is confident to sufficient extent that he can achieve the goal. The effort of trying to win is expressed in determination behaviour that the player should persevere with until the contest is ended. To apply oneself in this way requires concentration, the focus of attention, on the task of winning. These four attitudes: commitment, determination, perseverance and concentration are necessary in any activity in which individuals want to achieve a successful outcome. They are fundamental to mental toughness behaviour in sport or any other activity.If players of a sport do not manifest such attitudes in competition it would be quite valid to ask them if they understand the point of the contest and if they do then perhaps some thought might be given as to what their actual purpose is. Though these four attitudes are necessary to mental toughness they are not sufficient. Mental toughness behaviour requires rather more. Reference to the Eskimo may help to make this clear. The Eskimo who knows how to cope to achieve his goal and adopts the appropriate attitudes to do so may find that under very extreme conditions even he has to drive himself beyond his known limits to survive.He has to dig deep into his mental and physical reserves to the full extent that he is capable of and hang on simply to endure the hardship until he achieves his goal. If he cannot he will not survive. In such a situation it is quite reasonable to assume that he may experience an unacceptable degree of mental stress, e. g. a state of panic. If so he may require that degree of self control necessary to keep calm in order to make decisions about what actions to take to achieve the goal regardless of the adversity. To keep cool under pressure.Failure to do so may result in poor decisions about what actions to take; so increasing the chances of failure to achieve the goal. This is when either stoicism or strength of will, the two means of self-control, may be required. The stoic will maintain his self control by disregarding or acting indifferently to any suffering that he may be experiencing. He will not complain about it or feel sorry for himself . The practised stoic will adopt such an attitude as a matter of habit when faced with adversity. The question does arise as to whether the stoic would experience a state of panic but being human I assume that it is possible.Alternatively, or in conjunction with the stoical attitude, a person may apply strength of will to control his emotions, to keep calm and try to make decisions about what action to take to face up to and cope with the adversity in order to achieve his goal. Strength of will would be more likely with those people who have not learned to adopt a stoical attitude. It is a feature of the stoic that his disregard of the adversity allows him to get on calmly with the job. It is a feature of the person who requires a strong will that they will try hard to face up to, and get on with, the task at hand.In addition, relative to the difficulties presented by an extremely adverse situation, both stoic and non-stoic may also need certain other qualities to achieve their goal. It is unlikely that the going will be smooth; there may be setbacks and failures as is the case in sport when confronted with an opponent who is both an obstacle and a creator of obstacles in the contest. Consequently the qualities of tenacity and resilience may be necessary in negotiating obstacles and recovering from any setbacks. Because of the nature of a contest in sport a player may need to be adventurous, to take a isk in trying to seize those opportunities that may arise which further the possibility of winning. These three qualities and others, e. g. being obstinate and unyielding, derive from the attitudes of determination and perseverance in that they are ways of describing players determination and perseverance behaviour. In sport the non-stoic may also need courage if he perceives the situation as fear making in some way, if he is scared of being hurt, to overcome the fear and to maintain his efforts to win. If the non-stoic is not scared then obviously courage will not be required. The mention of fear suggests that the need for mental toughness may also be required in situations involving mental hardship. For example, a player in competition can experience self doubt, a loss of confidence, fear of losing and suffer mentally at the thought of the possible consequences of losing, a loss of status at failing to meet others expectations that he ought to win. Such players may also require courage and strength of will to overcome their doubts and to fight through. It would appear therefore that self-control is a necessary condition of mental toughness and this is obtained by stoicism or strength of will.Where a person must apply strength of will, courage may or may not be a necessary feature of mental toughness depending on whether or not a person perceives the situation as fear making. It is a necessary feature of competitive sport that players must compete. Competitive sport at the highest levels provides a context in which players are often confronted with degrees of adversity that demands from them not only high level skill and fitness but also the mental attitudes which are inherent in mental toughness. To increase the possibility of winning when confronted with such adversity players would benefit from being mentally tough. The government must get kids involved in sports at early age to improve our country sports. According to Jay Marciano (2006) he stated that â€Å"sports in the country have stagnated over the years due to an apparent lack of participation from the younger generation because too much emphasis is being placed on academic excellence†. nowadays, the mentality of our society focuses on the academic brilliance and neglect the sports development in our country.It is important to bear in mind that people can succeed in both academic and sports. The youngsters can be excellent in both fields if they are given a chance by the parents to prove their abilities in sports. Therefore, parents must play a big role in encouraging their children to get involved in sports. Besides, the ministry should concentrate on discovering young talents by providing and hiring eligible coaches to train the kids at primary and secondary schools. If it is necessary, the foreign coaches should be imported to our country due to lack of professional and skilled coaches.Furthermore, the monarch of the high jumping world, Javier Sotomayor from Cuba stated that his country has developed a detailed system to identify and select talented youngsters. As a result, Cuba has won many gold medals at the Olympic and world level since 1959. Next, the government should launch more big sports events in our country to create a sporting culture and as platforms to find new talents. The Malaysian Youth and Sports Minister, Datuk Azalina Othman Said said that it was decided that any party can held sporting events that could help the government in finding champions to represent our country.It is indeed a brilliant idea to allow all parties in our country to plan and organize sports even ts to the citizens. When sports competitions are widely held, there will be no difficulties in finding the creme de la creme in the country sports arena to represent the country at the international level. Besides, the Ministry of Youth and Sports must encourage the society to take part in sports events and make sports as one enjoyable occasion for everyone. With that, they will know the importance and benefits their generation can gain for joining sports at the higher level.Totally, our sports will be so much better than before as the citizens become appreciative in the sports pitch. Finally, the government must upgrade the sports facilities in the sports complexes in all states. In order to do so, they must also allocate funds with higher amount to the sports councils in the country. The standard of sports can definitely be augmented gradually by instigating these steps because of our country’s condition now. As we can clearly see, the country sports level is beyond our satisfaction.It is about time to change via implementing new prompt innovative suggestions that I have mentioned above. Actually, the steps of upgrading and increasing the sports complexes in our country should be done long time ago as there is nothing to worry about in terms of the impact to the Malaysian’s sports future. The athletes would be more inspired to achieve the goals when there are supports and contributions from the government with the building of the proper amenities that give conveniences to them.In conclusion, there are many incentives that we may stumble on to improve the standard of our country’s sports. All we have to do is to select the best ones and execute the chosen ones. Sports are something that contributes a lot to our country. Thus, we must give our utmost to launch the best efforts to developing this arena. It is apparent from the foregoing discussion that the steps taken to develop mental toughness differ little, if at all, from those taken by good positive, caring coaches when coaching any player.Ultimately, mental toughness is a quality required and expressed by those players to whom the goal is all important and who want to achieve it to the extent that they will make an extra effort, i. e. dig deeper and if necessary endure extreme adversity to do so. The coach can play a significant role stimulating and encouraging the desire to achieve intrinsic goals in a sport, by praising the player when he does achieve, and by providing the appropriate skill, knowledge and experiences that enable the player to develop the mental toughness to do so.

The Pros And Cons Of Toefl IBT Essay Samples Free

The Pros And Cons Of Toefl IBT Essay Samples FreeThere are many ways in which you can earn money writing an essay. Some of these ways include some of the online surveys and one of the most popular ways is the Toefl ibt essay samples free. If you are one of those who want to get started with an essay writing process, you should have no problem getting a start with this service.This great service allows writers to do their jobs for a little while and then they get paid. The money that you get from doing your job does not only depend on how good you are at it but also how much time you have spent on the job.Here are some benefits of this service that will make you want to give it a try: It allows you to write original essays without having to leave your home to do it. Some of the work that you will get done will be provided by another service and they will approve or disapprove the content of the article.Some other types of writing jobs require you to send them the completed article to the website admin team. In the event that you have the necessary skills in grammar, spelling, and analysis, you can always write a service-oriented essay.A service-oriented essay is actually a shortened version of the original essay. It is not as good as the original article, but you can still apply for the essay samples free.You can either just use the ones provided in the sample or you can use the bad examples given by the websites. It is not wise to use the samples as your own.This service is beneficial in so many ways. If you want to get started with writing an essay, it is a good idea to use this service.

The Worth of Naysayers

The Worth of Naysayers I cleaned out some files last week and stopped cold at a ten-year-old  folder of agent rejections. Im not sure why I kept them all these years, especially once I landed a contract for my first series. Maybe it was to show them somehow downstream. Maybe it was to let each one know that I managed to write a book decent enough to publish. . . in spite of them. But my books havent sold a half million copies nor have they been made into movies, so Im not sure how much effect I would have on people who dont remember who I was nor recognize who Ive become today. Theres just too much noise in the world these days for agents to know all the great authors, much less the mid-list ones. So I threw the folder on a stack to shred, and again, stopped. These responses altered my life. Some spurned me. Some were nice. Some called me boring. Some said I had no zing. Some encouraged me. Did I want to close this door or keep it open as a constant reminder of how far Ive come? Then I stumbled across this quote while hunting for quotes to add to my newsletters. Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed To me, that meant  dont look behind you, wondering about that harbor you left behind. Instead, move forward, think future.  Explore. Dream. Discover.   I didnt need to waste energy thinking of my past failings. I shredded the letters. Now I have one more file to fill with acceptances, contracts, and congratulations from those who ride with me on my boat, heading forward.

Free sample - Review Of Hitlers Germany. translation missing

Review Of Hitlers Germany. Review Of Hitler's GermanyIn April 1933, during the early months after the Nazis ascended to power in Germany, a law which commonly came to be termed as the Aryanan Paragraph came into effect. It outlawed any person of Jewish descent from government employment. This was the first piece of legislature to be effected in a then heightening assault on Jews led by the Third Reich Hitler and evidently expressed in his toxic rhetoric and ideological imperatives. This placed German Churches at a focal point: They either had to resist these attacks on Jews or dismiss all Jewish preachers and employees so as to preserve their subsidies. Most of the churches publicly or silently fell in line with Hitler’s demands. These in effect became the onset of the world’s bloodiest World War II and the context of Roderick Stackelberg’s book on Hitler’s Germany: Origins, Interpretations and Legacies which provide an interesting read and meets its chief objective of introducing a ny reader to the history and the atrocities committed in the Nazi Germany. The book extends from the abortive 1923 Beer Hall Putsch to the World War II and the aftermath in the 1940’s. This therefore gives Stackelberg’s novel a wide coverage while ensuring the reader is totally engrossed in the narrative as the story unfolds. Stackelberg , a humanities professor at Gonzaga University in Spokane, he cogently sets out to argue out that the Nazi Regime was supported and maintained through a mass consensus by the majority of the German citizens rather than the implied coercion by most authors. He is hence in agreement with Daniel Goldhagen and his views as phrased in his narrative, Hitler's Willing Executioners of which he has recognized and praised. He points out that Germans expressed conviction and expediency in their support and collaboration with the Nazi regime. He endeavors to balance ‘intentionalist’ versus ‘functionalist’ approaches to th e Holocaust committed against Jews so as to amply show the Nazi’s adherence to the fatal eugenic belief of exterminating all those deemed to be "life unworthy of life". This resulted in the death of two-thirds of the Jews in Europe at the time. Stackelberg successfully combines dramatic writing with a dispassionate analysis so as to aptly provide a rich historical context the barbaric behavior and actions of the Third Reich by boldly depicting a pre-history of Nazism such as the absolutist rule put forward by his predecessor Otto Van Bismarck, the 19th-century nationalist propagandistsand the Free Corps hooligan squads who not only crushed the 1919 Spartacist revolt but also murdered Rosa Luxemburg. He further covers the Nuremberg trials, the German denazification and the modern-day resurgence of militant neo-Nazi extremists. Although the work presented herein has already been documented in other books, he manages to author an interesting and engrossing superb read on the Naz i Germany history. The book first provides a detailed coverage of the roots of fascist ideologies, its constituency and the conditions that facilitated its growth in Germany. It then reflects on the key problems facing German unity which Stackelberg clearly and comprehensively covers as absolutism and particularism. This serves as a basis as to why the German Empire changed from a democratic state to social imperialism and finally landed on the path to war. Stackelberg clinically examines the Germanic ideology that was instituted into the masses by the political class so as to influence support. He finds that the politicians managed to drive the cause for nationalism towards fanatism while coupling this with vulgarized idealism and anti-Semitism.   Stackelberg has also provided a rich context for German’s history and involvement in the First World War and the resultant crisis in imperial Germany under Bismarck. He goes on further to examine the Weimar Republic through a well-documented study a nd the weakness of liberal democracy in Germany. This led to the consequent fall of the Weimar republic and the rise of Nazism further facilitated by the Great Depression. The Nazis managed to consolidate power in the 1933-1934 under the Third Reich Hitler whose governance in the 1933-1939 period has been fully analyzed under the aspects of politics, society and culture hence providing a rich and diverse read. Further, Stackelberg manages to depict hideous details of the persecution of the Jews and the Holocaust in this period. The origins of the Second World War, its spread from a European to a global war and its ensuing transformation from triumph to defeat in 1942-1945 have been elaborately covered while providing ample contextual information that leaves a clear imaginative image in the readers’ minds. Finally, the book evaluates the aftermath of the war and Germany’s National Socialism. The last chapter examines Hitler’s place in history and memory and the v ital lessons learnt from the ordeal. In the introduction, Stackelberg clarifies why he wrote the book despite a myriad number of historical books in the market dealing with a similar subject matter. He feels there is a need to write a book that not only covers the Nazi regime but also the 19th century background and the aftermath. Despite the book’s title, only seven out of sixteen chapters are dedicated to the Nazi regime. It provides a rich and essential understanding of the Hitler-led Nazi regime. This was a decision he reached at after having taught the subject matter for over twenty years. Stackelberg feels that the book approaches the Nazi regime under a two dimension: He provides an accurate and complete account of Nazi rule and goes further to provide an interpretive framework that endeavors to explore the reasons as to the extraordinary occurrence in German history. The book provides a clear guideline to the reader whereas incorporating the complex and vast complexities of historical causation as experie nced by the contemporary figures that lived in that turbulent and violent era. In creating a rich analysis and reconstruction of the Nazi regime in 1933 to 1945, the author places the period in a larger context which enables him to ably provide a sufficient background of the regime while ensuring various critical arguments are brought forward. First, Stackelberg feels that history is inseparable from its interpretative analysis. No author, in Stackelberg’s view should present the bare facts of a historical occurrence without endeavoring to provide a parallel interpretive theory as to why the historical phenomenon took place. Historical books and journals have always depicted the Nazi era under a barbaric and destructive scope and it is almost viewed entirely as the world’s greatest battle of evil versus good. This approach is rather heightened by the atrocities committed such as the irrational racial obsessions and the Holocaust with an aim to wipe out all Jews. Any other approach, such as a metaphysical approach, would definitely not successfully account for the success and popularity of Nazism in Germany. However, rather than approach the Nazi era under a moral and evil conception as multiple authors’ have, Stackelberg endeavors to define the rise of the Nazi regime under a political analysis. Stacke lberg feels it is essential to establish why the Germans at the time felt that Nazism was a reconstructive force in the quest for National Socialism that would utterly propel them into a superpower state. He critically notes in a catchy headline that history is past politics, hence, even the atrocities committed under the anti-Semitism derive must have a cognitive understanding. Unlike facts which if in dispute can easily be ratified among historians, an analysis of the reasons as to why German Nazism was widely popular can only be perceived under the analysts own political and societal values. These are highly diverse among historians and are therefore bound to bring forth a degree of controversy. In a review of egalitarian governments, Stackelberg depicts how left-wing movements can easily gain popularity through â€Å"championing for emancipation from oppressive governments whereas the right-wing lobbyists defend traditional and hierarchical governments.† The left extremists can effortlessly apply authority in the running of governments so as to create egalitarian societies as depicted by the 21st century communist governments. The conservatives in the right wing endeavor to create liberal societies through curtailing government power and promotion of individual freedom. In this book, Stackelberg addresses this contemporary left-right spectacle in their respective egalitarian perspectives by a case scenario of American politics. American conservatives have been documented as in opposition of powerful governments bringing them closer to the left’s camp but with absolutely diverse goals which are the key to any government. In their campaign against the powerful g overnment and their defense for laissez-faire, American conservatives have been found to depict similar traits to those of 19th century conservatives in continental Europe and the Nazis’ fascism. In America, the highly liberal society either leans on personal freedom or social equality. The leftists rather lean on social equality while the right conservatives opt for freedom. Stackelberg further provides a distinction between moderates and extremists in which extremists are rather authoritative, prejudiced and inclined towards violence, deception and collectivism across the left-right extremists. They are intolerant of any opposition or deviations from the ideal entailed by freedom and seek to forcefully impose these ideals on individuals. Communism bordered on the left while fascism was composed of right extremist. However, most authors, with the exception of the well-sourced Stackelberg’s book, feel that communism and fascism are inherently related which a critical e valuation in Hitler’s Germany depicts that they are fundamental opposites. While communism mainly appealed to workers who owned minimal properties due to its enhancement of a greater degree of equality, fascism mainly appealed to the middle class and propertied workers who felt that they would in essence lose from the implementation of egalitarian principles. Therefore, proponents of each group were arch enemies since communism maltreated the higher and mighty classes while fascism greatly victimized the â€Å"lower races† and poor classes of humanity. In exploring the causative force behind the Fascism variant Nazism, Stackelberg examines counter-revolutionary concepts in contrast to revolutionary concepts in his apt and wide description of the Hitler Regime. He feels that in contrast to neo-conservatism in the United States, fascism in Germany is much related to the traditional continental Europe conservatism though it has some anti-conservative features. Multiple radical methods were adopted into German Nazism from the practices of its arch foe, communism such as mass mobilization techniques, violence and propaganda. This was a highly critical countermeasure identified by Stackelberg in which the Nazis used the tactics employed by the left against the left. Counter-revolutionary concepts however did not characterize the left-right distinction as much as the core goal of preventing equality much agitated for by the left by a vehement denial of its existence through the structure governing various races and their coexistence. In t his book therefore, Stackelberg finds it crucial that most historians have neglected the fact that these ruthless and radical measures were put in place to counter socialism by purported National Socialists through the eradication of the significant proportion of production contributed by private property. Stackelberg therefore feels that the term socialist has been misused since the party was not true to the doctrines it purported to support and further. Hence, he feels that the Nazis were counter-revolutionary since it endeavored to curb developments in the transformation of the property sector while upholding the Puritist nature of the fascist regime. This book also makes a very interesting and engrossing read since it answers the contentious question on the relationship between fascism and Nazism and their relation to other political movements of the past centuries. It further answers the crucial questions on how Nazism managed to ascend to power in such a civilized, industrialized and urbanized context. In a well-analyzed and well-sourced background study, Stackelberg examines the rise in popularity of Nazism by interpreting it basing heavily on the Sonderweg thesis. This is categorically analyzed in chapter 2 whereby the variation in the development of democracy in Germany was remarkably different from other European nations. Most authors have neglected to write a detailed account of the pre-Hitler administrations which would otherwise provide vital historical clues to the rise of Nazism. This is utterly reflected in the book. However, Stackelberg expresses caution that a study to chiefly analyze pre-Nazi Germany in the 19th ce ntury as a pure preliminary stage to the Nazi regime and its aftermath would not only be a narrow-minded approach but also historically inadequate and unjustifiable. Although Stackelberg feels that greater and much more vital events such as Russian Bolshevik Revolution, the defeat in the First World War and the conflict of political interests in the Weimar Republic provide a crucial basis for evaluation of Nazism, the lack of the development of democracy can partially be attributed to Nazism. Finally, Stackelberg furthers debate as to whether Nazism is a modernizing or anti-modern debate. At the time, Germany’s economy was at its peak but the inability of political liberalization and democracy to keep pace with the advances in technology led to a flaw in its development hence depicting a rejection of modernity. This point of analysis as put forward by Stackelberg is further supported by the Sonderweg thesis whereby major evidence of anti-modernity such as â€Å"blood and soil† ideology that depicts a German-only agrarian culture under threat of urbanization and the resultant industrialization. This was in effect promoting capitalism whereby the Jews were viewed as the major beneficiaries at the expense of the former chief producers, the Mittelstand. However, Stackelberg also evaluates Nazism as a facilitator of modernity through the implementation of advanced technology in the military during World War II. Though this is highly complemented by pioneer studie s in space technology, the rejection of Jewry physics in the development of nuclear weapons further served as a major factor in deterring modernism. Stackelberg has used a wide variety of sources that span from The German Empire, ideologies, the First World War, the Weimar Republic and its collapse, the Nazi consolidation of power, the society, culture and politics during Hitler’s rule, the Holocaust and the anti-Semitism, the Second World War, the Aftermath and the modernity debate. For instance, it is crucial to note on Stackelberg’s reference to Taylor’s famous and controversial book, The origins of the Second World War in which he strongly criticizes The failure of the British to conclusively put in place a pact with the then Soviet Union so as to put an end to the war. The sources used herein in this book are highly relevant and serve in meeting the objective of the book. It gives this work a high credential. Further, Stackelberg has written the sources in a well-organized and presentable manner depicting that the book was written after a conducting a research for a period of twenty years during which he was teaching a similar course. This therefore enables Stackelberg to write an objective, chronological account and a must-read book that not only expands on Hitler’s Germany, but also on the 19th century pre-Nazi period and the 20th Century post-war period and the aftermath. This serves to give the book an edge over other historical books written at the time. (Stackelberg, 1999) Reference Stackelberg, R. (1999). Hitler's Germany: origins, interpretations, legacies. Routledge Press.

Old Testament and New Testament Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Old Testament and New Testament - Assignment Example Throughout the next few chapters, there were many stories of Jesus healing those who were sick and even dead in some cases. Before Jesus was crucified, He predicted that those who hated Him would want to kill Him. In the final chapter after Jesus rose from the dead, Jesus commanded his followers to go out into the world and preach the Gospel. Then Jesus ascended up to heaven. John The book of John was unlike the first three gospels; it was not a synoptic gospel. The difference was that Matthew, Mark, and Luke told the story of Jesus chronologically. On the other hand, the book of John was more about preaching what Jesus taught. This book was the last of the Gospels to be written. John wrote this book at the end of his life in approxiamately 90 A.D. This would have allowed John enough time to process what he had seen and heard and then gave him a great opportunity to dictate the story properly. Just as in the book of the previous Gospels, John described some of the signs and wonders t hat Jesus performed. In addition to this, the book of John used many direct quotes from Jesus himself, thus proclaiming why Jesus did the things He did. There are a number of lessons that a reader can get from becoming familier with the Gospel of John. Jesus often answered questions that were posed by different people. He always had a parable to relate a teaching principle to. Acts The book of Acts was a narrative story because it detailed the happenings of the early church. This book was written by the Apostle Luke, who was also the author of the book of Luke. The key character of this book was Paul, or Saul as he was previously known as. At the beginning of the book of Acts, the revival at Pentecost is described. This was where Jesus sent the Holy Spirit down to be available to anyone who would trust in God. Throughout the next few chapters, many of the early Christians performed miracles to those who needed it the most. However, the rulers at the time, the Romans, persecuted many Christians and even killed people such as Stephen by stoning him to death. In spite of this, the numbers of Christians increased rapidly. In the key event of the book, Saul was on his way to Damascus to persecute some new believers. But, before he was able to reach his destination, Saul was met by the spirit of the Lord and had a conversion experience. After this, Saul changed his name to Paul and became the first well-known missionary to go out into the world. Hebrews The book of Hebrews was written by an anonymous author. Many historians think that Paul may have been the author, but this cannot be proven beyond doubt. This book is known as one of the epistles because it was written as a letter to the Hebrews. The main theme of Hebrews is a continuation of the teachings of Jesus that were previously found in preceding books of the New Testament. In the first chapter of the book, it was taught that Jesus was not an angel, but a servant from God. Throughout the middle chapters, a le sson was shown. Jesus is God, but became a man and is now our priest. In the Old Testament, priests killed animals so the people could be forgiven. Yet, Jesus chose to die Himself so God would accept His sacrifice and thus forgive us of our sins. In the penultimate chapter, the heroes of the faith are described along with the deeds that they did. Revelation The final book of the New Testam

Diversity, Equity, and Standards Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diversity, Equity, and Standards - Research Paper Example A number of the minorities’ families experience poverty. These factors create a cycle of poor education, lesser job opportunities, lower income, and a negative social reputation. Specifically, minorities due to their racial background are usually at a disadvantage in the classroom due to language barriers. Several students find it hard to relate to the contexts used in text books and other teaching materials due to cultural differences. Furthermore, institutionalized discrimination keeps African Americans or other minorities on the bench in several kinds of sports. Their coaches’ low expectation of them also happens inside the classroom. As a result, these students are not motivated to excel. Similarly, a number of schools feel the segregation since black teachers cater to black students. It appears that these teachers do not have any other place to teach. To address the abovementioned concerns, a legislation that focuses on these issues must be passed. This will enhance public awareness and inspire greater advocacy for equal quality schooling. Additionally, the government, private organizations, and able individuals should fund researches and other noble causes that look into the minority groups such as Native and African Americans. Mass media should also take part in influencing the masses to fully accept and work with all kinds of people. In general, each has a vital role to achieve in promoting equity in the education system. 2. There are several intelligence tests that are not culture friendly. For instance, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) which is used in some institutions has some questions that are not so familiar with the minority groups. WAIS consists of questions about incomplete pictures such as a house during a snowy day (Kaplan & Saccuzzo, 2009). Some Asian or Native Americans may not be familiar with the typical Western-European kind of house. Moreover, achievement scores have a

Differentiate Fat Fat32 And Ntfs Information Technology Essay

Differentiate Fat Fat32 And Ntfs Information Technology Essay In this term paper I have introduced the FAT, FAT32 and NTFS different file system . It includes features of FAT 32 and NTFS. At last there is comparison between FAT32 and NTFS. INTRODUCTION:- FAT:- FAT means file allocation table used by the operating system for locating files on a disk, a file can be divided into many parts due to fragmentation that is scattered around the disk. The File Allocation Table keeps track of group of all these pieces. File Allocation Table is a group of addresses that reach in the form of a table to see which cluster is coming next, when a file is accessed or a directory is scanned. In DOS, FAT is stored after the boot sector. The older versions of FAT for Windows 95 and earlier is called FAT16, and for new versions of Windows 98 and 95 is called FAT32. Terminology:- FAT: stands for File Allocation Tables, a data structure that is found in all FAT volumes. FAT1: It is the first thing to see in FAT. FAT2: The 1st copy that is used by the FAT. FAT12: File Allocation Table file systems uses 12-bits clustered addresses. FAT16: File Allocation Table file systems uses 16-bit clustered address. FAT32: File Allocation Table file systems uses 32-bit clustered address.. FATxx: File system that use File Allocation Table and all that is used by FAT. VFAT: It is the 32-bit code used for operation the file system in Win9x Graphical User Interface mode. Cluster: It is the Single unit for storage of data on the FATxx file systems. Sector: It is the unit of storage devices at the physical level of disk. Physical sector address: It refers to Sector addresses at absolute physical hardware terms. CHS sector address mode: As above, expressed in Cylinder, Head etc Logical sector address: It is a Sector address which is relative to the FATxx volume. Folder: It is a collection of items named as seen with the help of Windows Explorer. File Folder: It resembles the same as windows call it directory. Directory: It is a data structure that lists file and directory. Directory entry: It generally points to a file or directory, and contains the information about it. Attributes: It refers to the collection of bits in a directory entries that mention it. File Allocation Table is the entries list which is mapped to each and every cluster at the time of partition. The partition is further divided up into identically sized clusters, small block of space. The size of cluster varies depending on the type of FAT file Each entry contains records of one of five things: the cluster numbering of the coming cluster in a sequence a special end of chain cluster (EOC) entry that points to the end of a chain a special entry for marking a bad clustering a special entry for marking a reserved cluster a zero to note that the cluster on which we are working is unused FAT entry values: FAT12 FAT16 FAT32 Description 0x000 0x0000 0x0000000 Free Cluster 0x001 0x0001 0x0000001 Reserved value; do not use 0x002-0xFEF 0x0002-0xFFEF 0x0000002-0x0FFFFEF Used cluster; value points to next cluster 0xFF0-0xFF6 0xFFF0-0xFFF6 0x0FFFFF0-0x0FFFFF6 Reserved values; do not use. 0xFF7 0xFFF7 0x0FFFFF7 Bad sector in cluster or reserved cluster 0xFF8-0xFFF 0xFFF8-0xFFFF 0x0FFFFF8-0x0FFFFFF Last cluster in file (EOC) File System Structure:- The File Allocation Table volume has been divided into different four areas: The boot record:- It is the first and the starting sector of a FAT12 or FAT16 volume. It gives us the definition of the volume that we are using, as well as for the other remaining three areas. If the volume is made bootable, then the very first record will also contains the code required to enter the file system and for the purpose to boot the Operating System. The File Allocation Tables:- It is a address that can be reached as a lookup table to check which cluster comes next, when a file is load or scanning a directory. Because the File Allocation Table is such a important data structure, there are typically two copies (i.e. FAT1 and FAT2) so that corruption of the File Allocation Table i.e. FAT can be detected and intelligently repaired. The root directory:- It fixed in length and is always located at the starting of the volume (after the FAT) in FAT12 and FAT16 volumes, but FAT32 treats the root directory as just another cluster chain in the data area. However, even in FAT32 volume, the root directory will automatically follow immediately after the two FATs. The data area:- It fills the remaining part of the volume, and is divided into many clusters; it is only here that the file data is stored. Subdirectories are the very special files with a structure that can be easily understood by the file system, and is marked as directories rather than files by setting the directory attribute bit on the directory entry that always points to it. FAT32:- The FAT32 file system is that one which was originally introduced in Windows 95 Service Pack 2, which is really just an extension of the original FAT16 file system that provides a much larger number of clusters per partition as compared to others. As such, it helps greatly in improving the overall disk utilization when it compared to a FAT16 file system. However, FAT32 shares all of the other limitations of FAT16, and adds an vital additional limitation-many operating systems that recognize FAT16 will not work with FAT32-most probably Windows NT, but also Linux, UNIX etc as well. Now this is not the problem if we running FAT32 on a Windows XP computer and sharing our drive out to other computers on our network-we dont need to know (and generally dont really care) what our underlying file system is. Features:- FAT32 supports drives up to 2 terabytes in size. FAT32 uses space more efficiently as compared to others. FAT32 is more robust. FAT32 can be used to relocate the root folder and use the backup copy of the file allocation table instead of default copy. FAT32 is more flexible as compared to others. The root folder on a FAT32 drive is a cluster chain, so it can be used to locate anywhere on the drive. The previous flaws on the number of root folder entries no longer exist. Further, file allocation table monitoring can be disabled, allowing a copy of the file allocation table other than the first one to be active. NTFS:- NTFS is define as New Technology File System .it is a file system that was introduced by Microsoft in 1993 with Windows NT. It supports hard drive sizes up to 256TB. It is the primary file system used in Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000 and Windows NT operating systems. The Windows Server also primarily uses NTFS. NTFS has several advantages over FAT and HPFS (High Performance File System) such as improved support for metadata and the use of advanced data structures to improve performance, reliability, and disk space utilization. The File Allocation Table (FAT) file system was the primary file system in Microsoft older operating systems but it is still supported today along with NTFS. It is more powerful and offers security advantages not found in the other file systems. There are normally three different file systems available in Windows XP: FAT16 i.e.short for File Allocation Table, FAT32, and NTFS, short for NT File System. The NTFS file system is generally not supportable with other OS installed on the same computer, nor is it available when we have booted a computer from a floppy disk. Advantages of NTFS:- It introduced the first version of Windows NT, which is totally different file system from FAT. It provides for highly increased security. If we have already upgraded to Windows XP and did not do the conversion then, it is not a problem. You can convert FAT16 or FAT32 volumes to NTFS at any point. NTFS Security Features:- . File compression Encrypting File System (EFS) NTFS Security and Permissions Hard links and short filenames COMPARISON :- In FAT 32 operating system that are used is Windows 98 XP whereas operating system used in NTFS is Windows XP. These are much file system for hard drives.   Each has its own pros and cons. But FAT32 is preferred because it is easy to read and write to with a boot floppy.   Windows XP comes with a conversion utility for FAT32 to NTFS called convert.exe.   Only the operating system decide whether a partitions file system can be read or not . There are no security features in built-in FAT which was designed in single user era whereas NTFS has many security features built into it making it the a file system for multi user operating system. BibliographY:-. Operating system concepts by Gill n Smith A fundamental aaproach to Operating System by Jain and Iyer